Rapid composition screening for perovskite photovoltaics via concurrently pumped ultrasonic spray coating

Tait, Jeffrey G.; Manghooli, Sara; Qiu, Weiming; Rakocevic, Lucija; Kootstra, Lucinda; Jaysankar, Manoj; Huerta, César Masse de la; Paetzold, Ulrich W.; Gehlhaar, Robert; Cheyns, David; Heremans, Paul; Poortmans, Jef

doi:10.1039/c6ta00739b

Cited by 135 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…To demonstrate the high uniformity and scalability of linearly coating the perovskite layer from nonhazardous inks, we fabricated 4 cm 2 (aperture area) blade coated modules. [ 38 ] The process details for module preparation are described elsewhere. [ 7,35 ] The modules achieve an aperture area effi ciency of η JV = 11.9% and η MPP = 8.2% (Figure 7 ), demonstrating the scalable potential of nonhazardous ink systems.…”

Section: Blade Coated Perovskite Solar Modulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonhazardous Solvent Systems for Processing Perovskite Photovoltaics

Gardner

Tait

Merckx

et al. 2016

Advanced Energy Materials

184

201

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Replacing toxic solvents with nonhazardous solvents is one of the key challenges for industrial scale commercialization of thin film perovskite photovoltaics. Here, nonhazardous solvent/alcohol/acid systems are presented for the single‐step deposition of pinhole‐free perovskite layers with combined lead halide precursors of Pb(CH3CO2)2·3H2O, PbCl2, and CH3NH3I. Comparable performance to standard hazardous inks is achieved: devices with 15.1% power conversion efficiency are demonstrated and maintain 13.5% tracked for 5 min at maximum power point. Blade coated 4 cm2 solar modules fabricated with highest performing device ink attain 11.9% in power conversion efficiency.

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Section: Blade Coated Perovskite Solar Modulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonhazardous Solvent Systems for Processing Perovskite Photovoltaics

Gardner

Tait

Merckx

et al. 2016

Advanced Energy Materials

184

201

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“…Figure 1 compares the PCE of several PSCs made under identical conditions, but using various deposition methods and effective surface areas. The figure confirms a systematic drop in the PCE after enlarging the active area of similar cells, or as a result of module fabrication by connecting various small-area cells in series, in order to increase the effective area [7,[12][13][14]. Degradation in the PCE of the PSCs made by various deposition techniques after enlarging the active area of individual cells, or by fabricating modules through connecting several small-area cells in series (data were taken from Refs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Defect-Free Large-Area (25 cm2) Light Absorbing Perovskite Thin Films Made by Spray Coating

et al. 2017

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Abstract:In this work, we report on reproducible fabrication of defect-free large-area mixed halide perovskite (CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3−x Cl x ) thin films by scalable spray coating with the area of 25 cm 2 . This is essential for the commercialization of the perovskite solar cell technology. Using an automated spray coater, the film thickness and roughness were optimized by controlling the solution concentration and substrate temperature. For the first time, the surface tension, contact angle, and viscosity of mixed halide perovskite dissolved in dimethylformamide (DMF) are reported as a function of the solution concentration. A low perovskite solution concentration of 10% was selected as an acceptable value to avoid crystallization dewetting. The determined optimum substrate temperature of 150 • C, followed by annealing at 100 • C render the highest perovskite precursor conversion, as well as the highest possible droplet spreading, desired to achieve a continuous thin film. The number of spray passes was also tuned to achieve a fully-covered film, for the condition of the spray nozzle used in this work. This work demonstrates that applying the optimum substrate temperature decreases the standard deviation of the film thickness and roughness, leading to an increase in the quality and reproducibility of the large-area spray-on films. The optimum perovskite solution concentration and the substrate temperature are universally applicable to other spray coating systems.

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“…22,36,37 Spray coating of perovskite, compared to polymeric thin films, imposes additional challenges due to the crystalline nature of perovskite and crystal formation during the process, which may cause crystallization dewetting. 13 An incomplete and dewetted perovskite layer with excessive pinholes and voids may create shunt pathways, 24 causing charge recombination and a decline in the device performance. 21 Following the foregoing introduction and argument, in this paper, spin and dip coating, used in the sequential method, are replaced by scalable spray coating and touch-free drop casting methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15-20, but has not been adequately explored in the PVSC field, and only a few studies have employed it to fabricate the perovskite layer. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] Due to the stochastic and random nature of droplet impact, spray-on films normally show a rough surface, 21 but the roughness can be reduced through a process optimization. 22,28 High roughness in spray-on organic SCs was reported to have negative effect on the light absorbance 10 and the device fill factor (FF), 34 although the results obtained for the organic SCs may not be necessarily applicable to crystalline perovskite SCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of spray coating for the fabrication of sequentially deposited planar perovskite solar cells

2017

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Abstract. We use facile coating techniques including spray coating and drop casting to fabricate methylammonium lead iodide perovskite solar cells through a two-step sequential deposition approach. In the first step, for the deposition of the lead iodide, spray coating substitutes for the commonly used lab-scale spin coating, while the operating parameters of the former process are optimized to achieve a fully covered and uniform film of lead iodide. In the second step, to deposit methylammonium iodide atop the lead iodide layer to form methylammonium lead iodide perovskite, dip-coating process is replaced by the touch-free drop casting and scalable pulsed-spray coating. It is found that the performance of the perovskite films and devices made by pulsed-spray coating and drop casting is similar to those prepared by dip coating, while the large-scale production capabilities of such methods beside the low material consumptions of drop casting prove their potential to replace dip coating in large-scale manufacturing of perovskite solar cells. The champion devices fabricated by spray-drop and spin-drop techniques demonstrated power conversion efficiencies of 6.92% and 9.48%, respectively. It is expected that device fabrication in a low-humidity environment using the optimized parameters and optimization of other layers will result in higher efficiencies. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under aCreative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

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Rapid composition screening for perovskite photovoltaics via concurrently pumped ultrasonic spray coating

Abstract: Concurrently pumped ultrasonic spray coating is implemented for rapid composition screening and in situ bandgap control of perovskite photovoltaics, achieving 15.7% efficiency for devices and 11.7% for modules, and tested under continuous maximum power point tracking.

Cited by 135 publications

References 29 publications

Nonhazardous Solvent Systems for Processing Perovskite Photovoltaics

Nonhazardous Solvent Systems for Processing Perovskite Photovoltaics

Defect-Free Large-Area (25 cm2) Light Absorbing Perovskite Thin Films Made by Spray Coating

Optimization of spray coating for the fabrication of sequentially deposited planar perovskite solar cells

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