Graphite oxide is obtained by treating graphite with strong oxidizers. The bulk material disperses in basic solutions yielding graphene oxide. Starting from exfoliated graphite, different treatments were tested to obtain the best graphite oxide conditions, including calcination for two hours at 700°C and ultrasonic agitation in acidic, basic, or peroxide solutions. Bulk particles floating in the solution were filtered, rinsed, and dried. The graphene oxide obtained was characterized under SEM and FTIR techniques. On the other hand, nylon 6-6 has excellent mechanical resistance due to the mutual attraction of its long chains. To take advantage of the properties of both materials, they were combined as a hybrid material. Electrochemical cells were prepared using porous silica as supporting electrode of the electrospun nylon/graphene oxide films for electrochemical testing. Polarization curves were performed to determine the oxidation/reduction potentials under different acidic, alkaline, and peroxide solutions. The oxidation condition was obtained in KOH and the reduction in H2SO4solutions. Potentiostatic oxidation and reduction curves were applied to further oxidize carbon species and then reduced them, forming the nylon 6-6/functionalized graphene oxide composite coating. Electrochemical impedance measurements were performed to evaluate the coating electrochemical resistance and compared to the silica or nylon samples.
This research was based on the manufacture of new composite materials that offer technological possibilities in the development of new devices with greater efficiency. Electrospinning was used to form nylon 66/-tetra-(para-aminophenyl) porphyrin (H 2 T(p-NH 2 )PP)/graphene oxide (GO) composite film. Graphene oxide coatings were obtained from graphite, through mechanical exfoliation followed by calcination and ultrasonic agitation in an oxidant solution. These samples were characterized under SEM, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, UV-vis and R-X techniques.
In this work, synthesis and characterization of reduced graphene oxide/polyaniline/Au nanoparticles (GO/PANI/NpAu) as a hybrid capacitor are presented. Graphite oxide (GO) was synthesized by a modified Hummer's method. Polyaniline was synthesized by chemical polymerization, and Au nanoparticles (NpAu) were added afterward. Fabrication of the electrodes consisted on the hybrid materials being deposited on carbon cloth electrodes. The chemical and structural properties of the electrode were characterized by high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (X-R), and Raman spectroscopy; the results confirm the graphene reduction, the covalent functionalization, and formation of nanocomposites and also show the polyaniline grafted graphene. The performance and evaluation of the electrodes based on grapheme oxide (GO), polyaniline (PANI), GO-PANI, and GO/PANI/NpAu nanocomposites over carbon cloth, stainless steel, and copper have been obtained in 1 M H 2 SO 4 solution, using electrochemical techniques namely: cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). They showed that GO/PANI/NpAu gave higher specific capacitance (SC) and energy values than PANI, and GO/PANI, in the order of 160 F/g. The present study introduces new hybrid material for energy applications, from the evaluation of their electrical contributions.
El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el bienestar animal en explotaciones de vacuno lechero de raza Holstein del noreste de España, valorar la influencia del estrés térmico en los indicadores de bienestar y analizar las posibles diferencias de bienestar entre tipologías de granjas. Para ello, se utilizó la metodología del protocolo Welfare Quality (WQ ® ) en 26 granjas, en invierno y verano. Se aplicaron medidas directas en el animal y se recopiló información sobre recursos, manejos y descriptores de granja. Del total de las 52 evaluaciones realizadas, un 28,8 % obtuvieron la calificación global de mejorada, un 67,3 % aceptable y 3,8 % no calificada. Sólo un 14,8 % de los animales no presentó ningún tipo de alteración de tegumento. En el 73,1 % y 69,2 % de las explotaciones no se emplea analgesia y anestesia, respectivamente, durante el descornado. En la mayoría de las granjas (92,3 %) se usa anestesia para la amputación de colas. A pesar de no existir diferencias estadísticamente significativas (P > 0,05) a nivel de los principios de bienestar entre estaciones del año, sí se observaron diferencias (P < 0,05) en el porcentaje de ubres sucias y animales con respiración forzosa, que se asocian con un mayor nivel de estrés térmico. Finalmente, no se observaron diferencias en los criterios de bienestar entre las diferentes tipologías de granjas. La mayoría de las granjas alcanzan la calificación global de aceptable, pero se requiere atención al confort en el área de descanso y a la mitigación de dolor. En el contexto del cambio climático es importante que los protocolos de evaluación de bienestar animal abarquen el confort térmico.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.