The essential oils of plants of the genus Piper have secondary metabolites that have antimicrobial activity related to their chemical composition. The objective of our work was to determine the chemical composition and evaluate the antifungal activity of the aerial part essential oil of P. auritum obtained by hydrodistillation on Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium equiseti isolated from Capsicum chinense. The antifungal activity was evaluated by direct contact and poisoned food tests, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC50) and maximum radial growth inhibition (MGI) were determined. The identification of oil metabolites was carried out by direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS). By direct contact, the essential oil reached an inhibition of over 40% on Fusarium spp. The 8.4 mg/mL concentration showed the highest inhibition on F. oxysporum (40–60%) and F. equiseti (>50%). The MIC50 was 6 mg/mL for F. oxysporum FCHA-T7 and 9 mg/mL for F. oxysporum FCHJ-T6 and F. equiseti FCHE-T8. DART-MS chemical analysis of the essential oil showed [2M-H]− and [M-H]− adducts of high relative intensity that were mainly attributed to eugenol and thymol/p-cimen-8-ol. The findings found in this study show a fungistatic effect of the essential oil of P. auritum on Fusarium spp.
Abstract:The genus Crotalaria comprises about 600 species that are distributed throughout the tropics and subtropical regions of the world; they are antagonistic to nematodes in sustainable crop production systems, and have also shown antimicrobial capacity. Chipilín (C. longirostrata), which belongs to this genus, is a wild plant that grows in the state of Chiapas (Mexico) and is traditionally is used as food. Its leaves also have medicinal properties and are used as hypnotics and narcotics; however, the plant has received little research attention to date. In the experimental part of this study, dried leaves were macerated by ethanol. The extract obtained was fractionated with ethyl ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, 2-propanone, and water. The extracts were evaluated against three bacteria-namely, Escherichia coli (Ec), Citrobacter freundii (Cf), and Staphylococcus epidermidis (Se)-and three fungi-Fusarium oxysporum A. comiteca (FoC), Fusarium oxysporum A. tequilana (FoT), and Fusarium solani A. comiteca (FSC). During this preliminary study, a statistical analysis of the data showed that there is a significant difference between the control ciprofloxacin (antibacterial), the antifungal activity experiments (water was used as a negative control), and the fractions used. The aqueous fraction (WF) was the most active against FoC, FsC, and FoT (30.65, 20.61,and 27.36% at 96 h, respectively) and the ethyl ether fraction (EEF) was the most active against Se (26.62% at 48 h).
Las enfermedades causadas por Fusarium en Agave aumentan, lo cual significa importantes pérdidas económicas. Es necesario entonces buscar alternativas en la prevención y control de patógenos para reducir el uso de fungicidas químicos, y así promover un tipo de control de enfermedades que sea amigable con el ambiente. Los aceites y extractos de hojas de algunas plantas son eficientes en el control de plagas y enfermedades. Piper auritum (“hierba santa”) contiene aceites esenciales que cumplen funciones ecológicas, como las de atraer polinizadores y causar efectos alelopáticos. Baccharis glutinosa (“jarilla”) también se usa en el tratamiento de diversas enfermedades infecciosas. Hay diferentes extractos de plantas que tienen una actividad biológica contra microorganismos que afectan cultivos importantes. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la actividad antimicrobiana del aceite esencial y extractos de dos plantas con uso tradicional en el estado de Chiapas sobre los hongos fitopatógenos (Fusarium spp.) de Agave spp. Los extractos de P. auritum y B. glutinosa se probaron contra los hongos fitopatógenos, como parte de un diseño experimental completamente aleatorizado. Un ANOVA se realizó con seis tratamientos y tres repeticiones por tratamiento, utilizados en tres especies de Fusarium. El aceite esencial extraído de las hojas de Piper auritum tuvo el mayor efecto inhibidor significativo (96 h) sobre Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. comiteca (75.32%), Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. tequilana (86.57%) y Fusarium solani f. sp. comiteca (63.36%). Por lo tanto, P. auritum mostró un claro efecto fungistático.
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