Background: Data from the World Health Organization indicates poisoning as a major public health problem worldwide, especially in underdeveloped or developing countries. Objective: to estimate the mortality rate and to describe deaths from exogenous poisoning (EP) in São Paulo city in the year 2014. Methods: Data from the death records (basic cause) were collected in the Mortality Information System (MIS) and in the Notifiable Diseases Information System (NDIS). For the probabilistic relationship the following variables were selected: name, date of birth and gender. OpenRecLink software was used for linkage, Stata® for data analysis and TabWin for spatial distribution of deaths by EP. Deaths were described in relation to the characteristics of the place of occurrence, exposure circumstance, toxic agent group and final classification. The capture-recapture method was used to estimate the number of deaths, after the linkage of the databases. Results: The MIS data pointed to a mortality rate by EP of 5,2/100.000 inhabitants in São Paulo city in 2014. São Miguel administrative district presented the highest mortality rate 12,2/100.000 inhabitants. Most part of the deaths (n=412) were attested by IML doctor. The male gender was the one with the highest frequency (71%). The age group with the highest incidence was 20 to 39 years. It was possible to identify a large difference between the number of intoxication deaths recorded in the MIS (n=596) and the estimated (n=1.514,5) by the capture-recapture method. The mortality rate estimated by the capture-recapture method was 13,2/100.000 inhabitants. In this way, a 60,6% underreporting of death was identified. Conclusions: The obtained results show that the mortality by EP is underestimated when compared to the calculated from the capture-recapture data. The linkage of databases is important to estimate the magnitude of the occurrence of death by EP. There is a need for formulation of public policies aimed at the practice of poisoning surveillance, qualification of health care professionals for the EP diagnosis and training of those responsible for case registration.
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