SUMMARY:The sinonasal region in humans is one of the regions that commonly shows anatomical variations. These variations can be easily diagnosed by paranasal CT evaluation. One of these variations is Crista galli pneumatization. In recent years, there have been opinions supporting the hypothesis that pneumatization originates from the frontal sinus. In this study, we planned to evaluate whether the presence of Crista galli pneumatization varied in pre-adult and adult periods. In this retrospectively designed study, 218 coronal paranasal CT images collected between 2012 and 2013 were evaluated. Patients were divided into two groups according to age under or over 18 years. In the group under the age of 18 (97 cases), pneumatization was detected in 2.1 % of samples, while in the group over the age of 18 (121 cases), crista galli pneumatization was observed in 15.7 % of samples. According to these results, crista galli pneumatization was found to increase in adulthood. Considering that the frontal sinus is in a rudimentary state at birth, it is radiographically detected first at 6 years of age, and reaches its main size in puberty, this increase in pneumatization runs parallel to the development of the frontal sinus. Consequently, this supports the opinion that crista galli pneumatization originates from the frontal sinus.
The existence of different applications in terms of pathology, which has an important role in medical education, revealed the necessity of establishing the core education program and using it as a guide in medical faculties. In this study, we aimed to reveal the place of pathology in the education programs in different medical faculties. The education programs of 41 state universities using Turkish language and integrated education system were reached via internet. Pathology courses were evaluated in two groups as practical and theoretically. In 24 (58.5%) of the universities, pathology courses started in the second year. Only one program (2.5%) included Pathology courses in the 1st Grade. The pathology course was included in the 3rd class in all faculties, but 16 faculties (39%) were only in the 3rd grade. 3 (7.3%) of the faculties did not include practical practice. Considering all the programs (n = 41), the average course hour was found as 125.39 ±28.11 and the average practical lesson time was 26.21 ±15.89. Pathology education in medical faculties shows significant differences between faculties. Since a clear definition of course hours and contents will enable the establishment of a standardized pathology training curriculum, it is necessary to provide guidance on this subject.
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, skapulanın seksüel dimorfizmini değerlendirmek ve toraks bilgisayarlı tomografi görüntüleme yöntemi ile yapılan ölçüm sonuçlarının, modern Anadolu popülasyonunda cinsiyet tayini için doğruluğunu ölçmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Radyoloji Anabilim Dalı’nda Şubat 2019 ve Nisan 2019 tarihleri arasında çekilmiş olan, 20-93 yaşları arasında, 302 vakanın (164 erkek,138 kadın) Multidedektör BT görüntüleri kullanıldı. Sağ ve sol taraf skapulaların longitudinal uzunlukları (LU), transvers uzunlukları (TU) ve spina skapula uzunlukları (SSU) ölçüldü ve değerlendirildi. Ölçümlerin cinsiyeti belirlemedeki etkisi Lojistik Regresyon analizi ile saptandı. Bulgular: Erkeklerde skapula ölçümlerinin kadınlara göre daha yüksek olduğu görüldü (p<0.001). Kadınlarda sağ ve sol skapula transvers uzunlukları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptanırken, erkeklerde her 3 ölçüm için de istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptandı. Ölçümler cinsiyet belirleme için kullanıldığında skapula longitudinal, transvers ve spina skapula uzunlukları birbirinden bağımsız olarak, istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulundu. Buna göre en yüksek doğruluk oranını sağ skapula longitudinal uzunluğunun verdiği görüldü. Sonuç: Bu çalışma Anadolu toplumunda skapula kemiğinin cinsiyet tahmininde önemli bir kemik olduğunu göstermektedir. Dolayısıyla adli tıpta ve adli antropolojide kafatası, uzun kemikler ve pelvis kemiği bulunamadığı takdirde diğer cinsiyet tahmini metotlarıyla veya tek başına kullanılabilir.
Background: Pneumatisation of the inferior turbinate (PIT) is a rare abnormality of the paranasal sinus. It is very difficult to differentiate from the hypertrophia of the inferior turbinate clinically. Thus, it is important to be considered, especially in cases with no response to medical treatments. We aimed to investigate the presence and the frequency of PIT by computed tomography (CT). Materials and methods: A total of 2905 cases (1381 female, 1524 male) with an age range between 16 and 84 were included. Results: The pneumatisation of the inferior turbinate was observed in 1.72% of the cases with a percentage of 1.88% in women and 1.57% in men. In PIT (+) cases the bilaterality was found in 54% of them. According to the subtypes, 70% was lamellar, 28% was bullous and 2% was extensive. No statistically significant difference was found for age distribution. The most commonly associated variations were the pneumatisation of the middle and upper turbinate and the septal deviation. Conclusions: The pneumatisation of the inferior turbinate is a rare variation with a similar frequency among men and women. It is diagnosed by CT and when symptomatic, the optimal treatment is surgery. (Folia Morphol 2019; 78, 3: 621-625)
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