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Achievable information rates of optical communication systems are inherently limited by nonlinear distortions due to the Kerr effect occurred in optical fibres. These nonlinear impairments become more significant for communication systems with larger transmission bandwidths, closer channel spacing and higher-order modulation formats. In this paper, the efficacy of nonlinearity compensation techniques, including both digital back-propagation and optical phase conjugation, for enhancing achievable information rates in lumped EDFA- and distributed Raman-amplified fully-loaded C −band systems is investigated considering practical transceiver limitations. The performance of multiple modulation formats, such as dual-polarisation quadrature phase shift keying (DP-QPSK), dual-polarisation 16 −ary quadrature amplitude modulation (DP-16QAM), DP-64QAM and DP-256QAM, has been studied in C −band systems with different transmission distances. It is found that the capabilities of both nonlinearity compensation techniques for enhancing achievable information rates strongly depend on signal modulation formats as well as target transmission distances.
Equalization-enhanced phase noise (EEPN) can severely degrade the performance of long-haul optical fiber transmission systems. In this paper, the impact of EEPN in Nyquist-spaced dual-polarization quadrature phase shift keying (DP-QPSK), dual-polarization 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (DP-16QAM), and DP-64QAM optical transmission systems is investigated considering the use of electrical dispersion compensation (EDC) and multi-channel digital backpropagation (MC-DBP). Our results demonstrate that full-field DBP (FF-DBP) is more susceptible to EEPN compared to single-channel and partial-bandwidth DBP. EEPN-induced distortions become more significant with the increase of the local oscillator (LO) laser linewidth, and this results in degradations in bit-error-rates (BERs), achievable information rates (AIRs), and AIR-distance products in optical communication systems. Transmission systems using higher-order modulation formats can enhance information rates and spectral efficiencies, but will be more seriously degraded by EEPN. It is found that degradations on AIRs, for the investigated FF-DBP schemes, in the DP-QPSK, the DP-16QAM, and the DP-64QAM systems are 0.07 Tbit/s, 0.11 Tbit/s, and 0.57 Tbit/s, respectively, due to the EEPN with an LO laser linewidth of 1 MHz. It is also seen that the selection of a higher-quality LO laser can significantly reduce the bandwidth requirement and the computational complexity in the MC-DBP.
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