<p class="abstrakinggris">Hundred of high yielding and bacterial leaf blight (<em>Xanthomonas oryzae</em> pv. <em>oryzae, Xoo</em>) resistant rice varieties released since the 1960s are important sources of genetic materials for exploring superior genotypes. The study aimed to evaluate the genetic resistance of 177 rice varieties to <em>Xoo</em> and their agronomic traits. The evaluations were conducted at the Indonesian Center for Rice Research Experimental Station during the wet season (December 2015-March 2016). The bacterial leaf blight resistance was evaluated for <em>Xoo</em> pathotypes III, IV, and VIII using the clipping method. The genetic variation among genotypes was categorized as low (0–10%), medium (10–20%), and high (>20%), whereas the heritability was categorized as low (0-30%), medium (30-60%), and high (>60%). The variability of resistance to <em>Xoo</em> pathotypes, grain yield, and spikelet fertility was low, while the variability of plant height, productive tiller number, filled grain, and total spikelet was medium, and the variability of unfilled grain number was high. The 29 varieties were categorized as superior based on their agronomic traits or resistance to <em>Xoo</em> pathotypes. In conclusion, Batutegi and Fatmawati were superior in the total spikelet number, while Rojolele and Inpari 2 were supreme in the thousand-grain weight. Dodokan had a very short maturity, and Inpari 24, Conde, Kalimas, Angke, Inpari 17, and Inpara 8 had the highest resistance to <em>Xoo</em> pathotypes. The study implies that the identified rice superior genotypes could be used as genetic materials to design cross combinations for higher yield potential and BLB resistance varietal improvement.</p>
<p>Hawar Daun Bakteri (HDB) disebabkan oleh bakteri patogen, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), yang merupakan salah satu penyakit penting tanaman padi. Salah satu pengendalian yang efektif yaitu dengan penggunaan varietas tahan. Koleksi aksesi padi local siperlukan unntuk mendukung program perakitan varietas tahan penyakit HDB. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi keragaman respons ketahanan padi lokal asal Jawa, Sumatra, dan Sulawesi terhadap penyakit HDB, patotipe III,<br />IV, dan VIII. Materi genetik yang digunakan adalah seratus aksesi plasma nutfah padi local asal Jawa, Sumatera, Sulawesi dan biakan murni bakteri Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) patotipe III, IV, dan VIII. Evaluasi ketahanan dilakukan di Rumah Kaca BB Padi Sukamandi pada MT-1/MT-2 tahun 2016. Metode inokulasi dilakukan dengan pengguntingan daun dan skoring ketahanan berdasarkan SES IRRI tahun 2014. Evaluasi pada stadia vegetatif menunjukkan adanya keragaman respons ketahanan terhadap patotipe III (agak rentan−sangat rentan) dan VIII (rentan−sangat rentan). Sedangkan pada stadia generatif terdapat satu aksesi yang bereaksi agak tahan terhadap patotipe III yaitu Padi Terong (7782), yang merupakan aksesi padi lokal asal Jawa Barat. Padi lokal asal Jawa Barat terdeteksi memiliki keragaman respons ketahanan terhadap patogen HDB yang paling beragam.</p>
Identifikasi ketahanan plasma nutfah padi terhadap virus kerdil bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai varietas dan aksesi yang tahan terhadap virus kerdil padi, yaitu Rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV) dan Rice grassy stunt virus (RGSV). Penelitian dilakukan di Rumah Kaca Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi pada MT1/MT2 tahun 2018. Materi genetik yang diuji yaitu 19 varietas padi yang sudah dilepas dan 50 aksesi plasma nutfah padi koleksi Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi Badan Litbang Pertanian-Kementerian Pertanian. Pengamatan mengikuti metode skoring SES IRRI 2014. Respons tanaman uji terhadap RRSV dapat dikelompokkan menjadi rentan (1 varietas dan 22 aksesi), agak tahan (18 varietas dan 22 aksesi), dan tahan {2 aksesi, yaitu MDK Karawang (800 butir/Malai) (10597), dan Pulo Hitam (10615}. Respons tanaman uji terhadap RGSV dapat dikelompokkan menjadi rentan (16 varietas dan 34 aksesi), agak tahan (3 varietas dan 11 aksesi), dan tahan (1 aksesi, yaitu Ketik 1-1062). Lebih lanjut, aksesi padi yang tahan terhadap RRSV dan/atau RGSV dapat digunakan sebagai tetua dalam perakitan varietas yang tahan terhadap virus kerdil.
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