The achievement of pupils in their future studies depends on their reading skills. One of the strongest foundations in reading success includes alphabet knowledge. Nowadays, the utilization of information communication technology (ICT) influences young children’s learning and emergent literacy skills. Hence, this study explored the effectiveness of digital game-based learning resource in improving pupils’ alphabet knowledge specifically on vowels. An alphabet knowledge checklist on vowels was used to collect the data. One key finding from the study is that most of them have fair alphabet knowledge of vowels with an overall pre-test mean score of 17.91. Findings revealed that interactive learning resource was effective as reflected by a substantial increase of 8.95 points. The t-test for paired samples results in a t-value of -10.11 and a p-value of 0.000. Thus, the difference between the posttest and pretest is significant. Hence, digital game-based learning resource is an effective non-print instructional material in kindergarten for the improvement of alphabet knowledge on vowels. The study recommends the creation of contextualized digital game-based learning resource using consonants to further validate the result. A similar resource may also be suggested to other grade levels to confirm its effectiveness in improving alphabet knowledge.
Purpose of the Study: School decision-making promotes school autonomy and success. Today’s contemporary approach supports the idea that operative school functioning and development are characteristically accomplished when there is decentralized decision-making. Hence, the purpose of the study is to find the balance between decision-making in a centralized and decentralized structure in a school based system. Methodology: An extensive search of major databases was undertaken, which identified 35,822 studies on the subject, wherein 9 met the inclusion criteria. Employing a systematic literature review, data were extracted and analyzed using thematic analysis. Two themes arose from the analysis of the studies, such as decision-making as a school-based management practice and decision-making towards school performance. Main Findings: Studies on decision-making in school management from a sociological approach. It also highlights the need to mix centralized and decentralized techniques to improve education. Following are some debate points that might want more research: (1) school principal decision-making and (2) school running expense and spending decision-making. Research Implications: The study's findings will aid in improving staff performance and community comprehension of schooling. Increased participation of internal and external stakeholders can boost school autonomy and accountability. The novelty of the study: As a school-based management technique, the correct balance of centralized and decentralized decision-making might enable schools to function at their best while corporations attain peak performance.
The principal as a reflective leader plays a critical role in today's fast-paced school environment. Although the growing role of principals in improving decisions through reflection, few researchers have studied the reflective habits of the minds that involved principals. Hence, the study intends to review existing literature on reflective habits of the minds among principals and to track what was contributed to understanding reflection and its effect on ethical leadership and decision-making. A comprehensive search of major databases was undertaken which identified 32,896 studies on the topic; 13 met the inclusion criteria. Using a systematic literature review, data were extracted and analyzed using thematic analysis. Three themes emerged from the analysis: reflective habits for teaching and learning, reflective habits for professional development, and reflective habits towards authentic and transformational leadership. Studies focused on the heart of the reflective practice of school principals as an instructional leader as a critical tool for learning and professional growth. It also shows the inspiring ways of how authentic and transformational leadership through reflective practice could change the educational system. As a result, the literature review pointed to the following discussion points, which are the areas that require further research: (1) diverse reflective practices among school principals in instructional leadership, (2) continuous reflective professional development activities, and (3) reflection-inaction towards transformational leadership.
School decision-making promotes school autonomy and success. Today’s contemporary approach supports the idea that operative school functioning and development are characteristically accomplished when there is decentralized decision-making. However, less attention has been paid to the collective benefits of centralized and decentralized decision-making. Hence, it is desirable to study balanced decision-making in a centralized and decentralized structure. An extensive search of major databases was undertaken which identified 35,822 studies on the subject wherein 9 met the inclusion criteria. Employing a systematic literature review, data were extracted and analyzed using thematic analysis. Two themes arose from the analysis of the studies such as decision-making as a school-based management practice, and decision-making towards school performance. Studies engrossed on the heart of decision-making in the sociological perspective of school management. It also shows that combining both centralized and decentralized approaches is indispensable for leading and enhancing education. As a result, the literature pointed to the following discussion points, which are areas that require further research: (1) decision-making practices among school principals, and (2) decision-making on school operating expenses and expenditures.
Purpose of the Study: School decision-making promotes school autonomy and success. Today’s contemporary approach supports the idea that operative school functioning and development are characteristically accomplished when there is decentralized decision-making. Hence, the purpose of the study is to find the balance between decision-making in a centralized and decentralized structure in a school based system. Methodology: An extensive search of major databases was undertaken, which identified 35,822 studies on the subject, wherein 9 met the inclusion criteria. Employing a systematic literature review, data were extracted and analyzed using thematic analysis. Two themes arose from the analysis of the studies, such as decision-making as a school-based management practice and decision-making towards school performance. Main Findings: Studies on decision-making in school management from a sociological approach. It also highlights the need to mix centralized and decentralized techniques to improve education. Following are some debate points that might want more research: (1) school principal decision-making and (2) school running expense and spending decision-making. Research Implications: The study's findings will aid in improving staff performance and community comprehension of schooling. Increased participation of internal and external stakeholders can boost school autonomy and accountability. The novelty of the study: As a school-based management technique, the correct balance of centralized and decentralized decision-making might enable schools to function at their best while corporations attain peak performance.
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