The current work presents the results of a review of most of the European diaries and travel chronicles containing reports of New World non-human primates dating from the discovery of America in 1492 until the end of the sixteenth century. We report the integral texts translated into English of these literary sources, giving a critical interpretation from a historical and scientific point of view. We note the ways these primates were perceived and described, with attention to the most important characteristics that were highlighted by the first explorers. Ethnotaxonomy and vernacular names used to designate non-human primates are also provided. This new body of knowledge, based largely on empirical reports full of details and first-hand observations, emerged as the first nucleus in the natural history of Neotropical Primates.

This work describes the ranging behavior and the habitat preferences of a wild group of silvery marmosets studied in the eastern Brazilian Amazonia for 11 months. The study group used secondary growth forests (capoeiras) for 78% of the observation time, flooded forest and terra firme forest for 9% of the time and edge areas for the rest of the time, without a significant seasonal variation. The Mico argentatus home range was 15.5 ha with an overlap of 24.2% with other groups. The area they used exclusively was situated in the center of the home range and included gum and fruit sources mainly. Variation in ranging behavior was observed among seasons. The study group ranged over a larger area in the early wet and late dry seasons. The estimated distance traveled by the group during the day varied from 630 m to 1710 m (average 1042 m, n = 83) and the mean day range used was 2.73 ha. The group used 14 different sleeping sites; the more frequented were localized near their major food patches. The distribution of feeding trees had a major influence on the patterns of home range use. The more intensively used areas contained major exudate resources.Resumen Este trabajo describe el comportamiento de desplazamiento y las preferencias de hábitat de un grupo silvestre de marmosetas plateadas (Mico argentatus) en la Amazonia Brasileña del este por un período de 11 meses. El grupo de estudio utilizó bosques de crecimiento secundario (capoeiras) el 78% del tiempo de observación, bosque inundado y bosque de tierra firme el 9% y áreas marginales por el resto del tiempo, sin variación estacional significativa. El ámbito hogareño de M. argentatus fue de 15.5 ha, con un traslape del 24.2% con otros grupos. Su área que este de uso exclusivo de este grupo estuvo situada en el centro del ámbito hogareño e incluyó las fuentes principales de exudados arbóreos y frutas. Variación en el comportamiento de desplazamiento fue observado entre las estaciones. El

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Cultural and physical landscapes can be regarded as a result of the interaction among humans, nonhumans and a vast array of ecological factors. Nonhuman primates are our closest relatives and play a role in many cultural manifestations of mankind. Therefore interface between humans and other primates can create complex social and ecological spaces, new physical and cultural landscapes. This work, based on historical, artistic, archaeozoological, anthropological and biological data aims to review the history of the interactions between humans and the Barbary macaque since Antiquity. Adopting a cross-disciplinary approach, it will explore the Barbary macaque/human interface across history, with special emphasis on the cultural impact and influence this species has had on the different Mediterranean civilizations.