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The presence of urban green spaces (UGS) increases the human’s contact with nature and provides numerous benefits to the society and the local environment. In this way, analyzing, planning and stimulating the implementation of UGS in cities is a fundamental action to improve the life quality of urban society. In this context, the aim was to analyze the situation and distribution of the green spaces of the universities cities of Lavras, Minas Gerais State (Brazil) and Newark, Delaware (USA). For data collection, researches performed field visits and used aerial photography to survey and analysis before calculating indicators including green area index (GAI) and green space ratio (GSR). The city of Lavras has a GAI of 0.54 m2 inh-1. The GSR value was 0.29%, not meeting the minimum of 5% required by local municipal law. Furthermore, there is a bad distribution of UGSs in the urban framework. However, in Newark, the distribution of UGSs is homogeneous and covers all regions of the city. The calculated GAI was 50.2 m² inh-1 and the GSR has met the 7% minimum required by its Newark Municipal Law. When comparing the two cities, in different countries and conditions it is concluded that Newark (DE) presents UGS indicators, GAI (m² inh-1) and GSR (%), higher than the values obtained in Lavras (MG), indicating the need for Government actions to increase these values.

The green area index is one of the parameters used to scale the life's quality of a city. Thus, the objective was to carry out the survey of green area index from Lavras-MG, in two different periods, with an interval of 10 years, making a comparative analysis of the index evolution in this period. It was carried out the assessment of the number of city squares, as well as its area and calculate the green area index. It was considered appropriate for this index, public areas located in urban area and over 70% of the permeable area. For determine this index, it was calculated the sum of the total area of the squares divided by the number of inhabitants of the city. It is concluded that green area index in Lavras-MG is 0.42 m²/ inhabitant. There was an increase of 12% compared to the diagnosis realized in 2001, but lower than that proposed by the Brazilian Society for Urban Forestation, 15 m²/inhabitant. Keywords: landscaping, parks, squares, life's quality. RESUMOInventário quantitativo e análise da evolução do índice de áreas verdes em Lavras-MG O índice de áreas verdes é um dos parâmetros utilizados para dimensionar a qualidade de vida de uma cidade. Objetivou-se realizar o levantamento do índice de áreas verdes da cidade de Lavras, MG, em dois períodos diferentes, com intervalo de 10 anos, fazendo uma análise comparativa da evolução desse índice nesse período. Realizou-se o diagnóstico do número de praças da cidade, bem como sua área e cálculo do índice de áreas verdes. Consideraram-se adequadas, para o cálculo desse índice, áreas públicas situadas na malha urbana e com mais de 70% da área permeável. Para a determinação do índice, foi calculada a soma das áreas totais das praças dividida pelo número de habitantes da cidade. Conclui-se que o índice de áreas verdes na cidade de Lavras é de 0,42 m²/habitante. Ocorreu aumento de 12% em relação ao diagnóstico realizado em 2001, mas inferior ao proposto pela Sociedade Brasileira de Arborização Urbana, de 15 m²/habitante. Palavras-chave: paisagismo, parques, praças, qualidade de vida.

Perfil y comportamiento de los usuarios de espacios verdes en pequeñas ciudades

Tiradentes Square, an Ouro Preto's importante place, has importance in the regional and national scenery. There are studies about its surroundings but no information concerning its historical evolution. In prospect to know its evolutionary process and identifying its landscape representation in the collective unconscious of the inhabitants from Ouro Preto-MG, it was analyzed the city's urban development and the transformations undergone by this square. The applied method had an interface between inventive and subjective analyzes. This study focused its interest on its morphological transformations and its social representation. It was possible to identify the physical evolution processes and the place's practices using inventive analysis, and esthetic and symbolic values using the subjective analysis. Tiradentes Square showed his vocation to represent the government, reaching its peak when it received the monument to Tiradentes, becoming a national symbol during the twentieth century. Keywords: historical garden, heritage, landscaping. RESUMO Transformações físicas e apropriações sociais da Praça Tiradentes em Ouro Preto-MGA Praça Tiradentes, um dos locais de destaque de Ouro Preto, é um lugar de importância no cenário regional e nacional. Existem estudos sobre seu entorno, mas não há informações sobre sua evolução histórica. Na perspectiva de conhecer seu processo evolutivo e identificar suas representações paisagísticas no inconsciente coletivo dos habitantes de Ouro Preto-MG, analisaram-se o desenvolvimento urbano da cidade e as transformações sofridas por esta praça. O método aplicado foi uma interface entre as análises inventiva e subjetiva. Este estudo centrou seu interesse em suas transformações morfológicas e na sua representação social. Com a análise inventiva, foi possível identificar os processos de evolução física e as práticas do lugar e, com a subjetiva, os valores estéticos e simbólicos. A Praça Tiradentes evidenciou sua vocação para representar o poder público, atingindo seu auge quando acolheu o monumento a Tiradentes, tornando-se símbolo nacional no decorrer do século XX. Palavras-chave: jardins históricos, patrimônio, paisagismo.

Considered as the first village from Minas Gerais state, Mariana has important cultural and historical collections from the Brazilian colonial period. Currently the city has three squares in the historic center, and they are recognized for the historical heritage. Gomes Freire’s Square, set in the historic center of Mariana, has two interesting characteristics: its location behind the Main Church and the intensity use by many social groups in this city, furthermore the large presence of tourists. In the prospect of meeting its historical evolution, and identify the landscape representation in the collective unconscious of Mariana’s inhabitants, it was analyzed the evolution of the village and formation of the Gomes Freire’s Square. To achieve this goal it was necessary to deepen the knowledge of the social appropriation of this space over time, enabling the identification of the same, as well as its evolution as a public place. The study focused its interest in the village evolution, in the uses and social representation of the covered space. For this, the methodology applied was an interface between the inventive analysis, subjective method analysis, and recommendations for preservation of historic gardens. Gomes Freire’s Square, in its formation process presented as remarkable feature in its historical dimension, the fact that emerged and remained as a space of popular demonstrations.

The historic garden should be considered one that has cultural significance, being not only the squares and public gardens, but also its first manifests found in the form of orchard garden and vegetable garden in the historic farms of Brazil. Traituba's Farm located in southern Minas Gerais, on the Royal Road route, is considered an important historical farm that emerged in the eighteenth century during the settlement process of this region. It was in the same period, that current rural landscape from southern Minas Gerais, composed of several other historic farms and the historic rural gardens began their formation process. The aim of this study was to conduct a historical and cultural rescue of the gardens and landscapes of the Traituba's Farm. With this rescue, characterize and analyze their landscapes in their different ages, as well as identify and understand the main morphological changes of its gardens included in the architectural complex of the farm. This study focused on the period between 1725 and 2013. To trace the historical, cultural and landscape evolution, it was made researches through site visits, interviews, bibliographic and iconographic research, always following the principles of studies of historic gardens. Traituba's Farm since its formation was always a region icon, because of its wealth, power and intense trade. Its landscapes have undergone many changes and are characterized initially as a pastoral model, then the bucolic and picturesque style, after the construction of the new farmhouse. With the decline of its activities, decades later the model that remained was the picturesque and pastoral as its origin. For a long time, its gardens were presented as orchards gardens and vegetable gardens with utilitarian characteristics, influenced by the Portuguese culture. Just in 1950s the front yard received a significant intervention and new species were planted where that the design can be seen until today. The significance of this paper is due to the historical value of the Traituba's Farm, the magnificence of its architectural ensemble, peculiarity of gardens and landscapes, and great cultural representation in the region. Keywords: history, historical gardens, Royal Road, bucolic landscape, picturesque landscape. RESUMO Transformações nos jardins e paisagens da histórica Fazenda TraitubaO jardim histórico deve ser considerado aquele que possui significado cultural, sendo não apenas as praças e os jardins públicos, mas também seus primeiros manifestos, encontrados em forma de jardim-pomar e jardim-horta nas fazendas históricas do Brasil. A Fazenda Traituba localizada no sul Minas Gerais, na rota da Estrada Real, é considerada uma importante fazenda histórica que surgiu no século XVIII durante o processo de povoamento dessa região. Foi neste mesmo período, que a atual paisagem rural sul mineira, compostas de outras diversas fazendas históricas e seus jardins rurais históricos, iniciou seu processo de formação. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar um resgate histórico e cultural dos ...

Construction of roads can result in significant ecological impacts; affecting air quality, soil, vegetation, wildlife, and human wellbeing. These disturbances drastically change the surrounding landscape. This review looks at the potential for roadside vegetation to serve as an environmental resource, improve socioeconomic health and provide beautify for local and regional travelers. Roadsides represent a significant land resource around the world and this vast resource provides the opportunity to use native restoration to counteract the loss of diversity and habitat throughout the world. This paper discusses the history of roadside vegetation, strategies for establishing and managing appropriate roadside vegetation, and public acceptance of roadside landscapes. Keywords: Highway vegetation, sustainable landscape, perception of landscape, native ornamental plants RESUMO Paisagens de beira de estradas -Um potencial recurso ambiental Construções de estradas podem causar significantes impactos ecológicos, afetando a qualidade do ar, do solo, da vegetação, da vida silvestre e o bem-estar das pessoas. Além disso, esses distúrbios mudam drasticamente a paisagem ao redor das estradas. Esta revisão analisa o potencial da vegetação de beira de estradas para servir como um recurso ambiental, melhorar a saúde socioeconômica e ainda fornecer beleza aos lugares, seus moradores e aos motoristas. As beiras de estradas representam um recurso significativo ao redor do mundo e este vasto recurso proporciona a oportunidade de usar a restauração nativa para neutralizar a perda de diversidade e habitat. Este artigo discute a história da vegetação de beiras de estradas, estratégias adequadas para criação e gestão desta vegetação, e a aceitação pública destas paisagens naturais. Palavras-chave: vegetação de estradas, paisagismo sustentável, percepção da paisagem, plantas ornamentais nativas.(1) Received in 15/09/2015 and approved in 17/11/2015.