Pyrolysis of animal by-products provides pyro-oil that contains about 10 wt% nitrogen mainly in aliphatic compounds and virtually no sulfur. The nitrogen should be removed from the oil preferably by hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) to obtain liquid fuel and ammonia. In order to understand the catalytic HDN processes of such bio-oils the HDN of propylamine (PA) was studied as model reaction over silica-supported Ni 2 P and Ni catalysts. Catalysts were prepared by H 2 -reduction of catalyst precursor NiO/phosphated silica gel and NiO/phosphated SBA-15 silica material and NiO/silica gel. The catalyst surface was characterized by Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopic (DRIFTS) examination of adsorbed CO. It was shown that the Ni 2 P particles had a highly defected structure in the initial reduced state of the catalyst but were rapidly converted to ordered crystals in contact with PA under reaction conditions. The HDN reaction of PA was studied using a flow-through tube reactor
Catalytic hydroconversion of propionitrile (PN) was studied over supported nickel and nickel phosphide catalysts. PN was used as model compound of aliphatic nitriles in pyrolysis oil obtained from animal by-products. Silica gel and Laponite was used as support. The structure and particle size of the supported active phase was characterized by X-ray diffractometry formation. Conversion of PN to hydrocarbon and ammonia hardly proceeded below 300 °C but became dominating reaction between 350-400 °C. Brønsted-acid sites were not required for the reactions. Supported Ni 2 P catalysts catalyzed hydrogenolysis of C-N bonds only, whereas also the C-C bonds suffered significant cleavage over supported Ni catalyst.
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