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Children's storybooks are relevant resources for references to different emotions, both positive and negative, and provide an excellent opportunity for adults and children to discuss them, thereby promoting children's comprehension of their own and others' inner worlds. However, we know little about the emotions present in children's stories and their frequency. This study investigated references to emotions in children's storybooks for preschoolers in Chile and the United States to analyze their characteristics and the similarities and differences between the two countries. References to specific emotions in the texts of 80 children's storybooks (40 for each country) were coded according to the categories of positive, negative powerless, and negative powerful emotions, and the specific emotions considered. The results revealed more references to positive and negative powerless emotions than to negative powerful emotions in storybooks from both countries, and happiness, fear, sadness, and anger were the predominant specific emotions referenced. For both countries, similar frequencies of references to specific emotions were observed, except for surprise, disappointment, and anger, which appeared more frequently in the Chilean storybooks than in the U.S. storybooks. These results are discussed considering the emotions | 1135 FARKAS et Al.

Resumen Estudios recientes han mostrado la importancia de la mentalización y/o función reflexiva de los cuidadores como una de las variables que predice el desarrollo de esta habilidad y el apego seguro en el niño/a. A partir de estos antecedentes se revisa la literatura existente sobre intervenciones psicológicas focalizadas en promover la mentalización en padres y/o personal educativo de niños/as en etapa preescolar. Se consideran 17 estudios publicados entre los años 2000 y 2013. Los resultados muestran que gran parte de los estudios analizan y desarrollan modelos teóricos, siendo incipientes aquellos que consideran los estudios acerca de intervenciones basadas en la mentalización dirigidas a padres y/o agentes educativos. Dentro de estos últimos la mayoría están orientados a intervenciones tempranas en niños/as de 0 a 3 años, siendo escasos los estudios en preescolares (3 a 5 años de edad) dentro de un contexto educativo que reportan los efectos en los niños/as.

The present study evaluated the effectiveness of a group video-feedback intervention aimed at Chilean caregivers of a preschool and infants orphanage that intended to enhance adult sensitivity. Adult sensitivity has been associated with the development of secure attachments in children. Nevertheless, infants that grow in an institutional setting tend to have insecure attachment patterns. The study included a sample of 14 caregivers of Fundación San José institution, which were divided in 4 groups each receiving 5 sessions of video-feedback. Differences were found between the general score of sensitivity and the subscales of responsivity and synchronicity before and after the intervention. These preliminary results are promising considering that it was the first time that a group video-feedback intervention had been applied in orphanage caregivers.

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