Energy-efficient (green) supercomputing has traditionally been viewed as passé, even to the point of public ridicule. But today, it's finally coming into vogue. This article describes the authors' view of this evolution.
BackgroundPathogenic variation in BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA) is one of the most frequent genetic predispositions for hereditary breast cancer. The identification of the variant carriers plays an important role in prevention and treatment of cancer. Despite a population size of 1.4 billion and a quarter million annual new breast cancer cases, knowledge regarding the prevalence of BRCA variation in the Chinese population remains elusive.MethodsIn this study, we used BRCA-targeted sequencing and bioinformatics approaches to screen for BRCA variants in 11 386 Chinese Han individuals, including 9331 females and 2055 males.ResultsWe identified 1209 BRCA variants, 34 of which were pathogenic, including 11 in BRCA1 and 23 in BRCA2. These variants were distributed among 43 individuals (37 females and 6 males), with 13 carrying BRCA1 and 30 carrying BRCA2 variants. Based on these data, we determined a prevalence of 0.38%, or 1 carrier of a BRCA pathogenic variant out of every 265 Chinese Han individuals, and 5.1 million carriers among the Chinese Han population of 1.3 billion.ConclusionOur study provides basic knowledge about the prevalence of BRCA pathogenic variation in the Chinese Han population. This information should be valuable for BRCA-related cancer prevention and treatment in the population.
Giant magnetostrictive actuator (GMA) may be a promising candidate actuator to drive an electronic controlled injector as giant magnetostrictive material (GMM) has excellent performances as large output, fast response and high operating stability etc. To meet the driving requirement of the injector, the GMA should produce maximal shortening displacement when energized. An unbiased GMA with a ‘T’ shaped output rod is designed to reach the target. Furthermore, an open-hold-fall type driving voltage is exerted on the actuator coil to accelerate the response speed of the coil current. The actuator displacement is modeled from establishing the sub-models of coil current, magnetic field within GMM rod, magnetization and magnetostrictive strain sequentially. Two modifications are done to make the model more accurate. Firstly, consider the model fails to compute the transient-state response precisely, a dead-zone and delay links are embedded into the coil current sub-model. Secondly, as the magnetization and magnetostrictive strain sub-models just influence the change rule of the transient-state response the linear magnetostrictive strain-magnetic field sub-model is introduced. From experimental results, the modified model with linear magnetostrictive stain expression can predict the actuator displacement quite effectively.
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