ResumoConsiderando a necessidade de avaliar a eficácia do pó de basalto como fonte de nutrientes e o efeito da adição de estercos animais sobre a dissolução desses materiais, foi instalado um experimento em casa de vegetação. Os tratamentos aplicados foram: controle; adubação convencional; 10,0, 20,0, 50,0 e 100,0 t.ha -1 de pó de basalto; e as mesmas doses de pó de basalto associado ao esterco bovino. Os tratamentos foram testados em mudas de clone de Eucalyptus benthamii. Todos os tratamentos foram comparados ao controle pelo teste de Duncan. A aplicação de pó de basalto promoveu aumento no valor do pH do solo para todas as doses. Os teores de Mg e Si trocável no solo foram maiores nos tratamentos com pó de basalto associado ao esterco bovino, o qual demonstrou ser um material que interfere na dissolução dos minerais e liberação desses elementos. O pó de basalto, em associação ou não com esterco bovino, conferiu teores de K nas folhas maiores que o tratamento controle. Concluise que doses a partir de 20 t.ha -1 de pó de basalto associadas ao esterco bovino apresentaram efeito no pH do solo e podem ser utilizadas como fonte de Mg, Si e K. Palavras-chave: Rochagem; minerais; fontes de nutrientes. Abstract Evaluation of application of basalt powder effects in soil fertility and Eucalyptus benthamii nutrition.In order to evaluate powdered basalt efficiency as a source of nutrients as well as effects of cattle manure on dissolution of these materials, it was improved an experiment in a greenhouse. The improved treatments were: control; conventional fertilization; 10.0, 20.0, 50.0 and 100.0 t ha -1 of basalt powder, and the same basalt powder doses associated with cattle manure. Such treatments had been tested on Eucalyptus benthamii seedlings. All treatments were compared to control by Duncan test. Basalt powder application promoted soil pH increasing in every doses. The contents of exchangeable Mg and Si were higher in treatments with powdered basalt associated with cattle manure, which proved to be a material that interferes in minerals dissolution as well as in release of such elements. The basalt powder, in association or not with cattle manure, imporved K contents in the leaves higher than the control ones. We can conclude that doses from 20 t ha -1 of basalt powder associated with cattle manure have effect on soil pH and can be use as a source of Mg, Si and K. Keywords: Stonemeal; minerals; source of nutrients. INTRODUÇÃOAs áreas de florestas plantadas com eucalipto no Brasil ocuparam 4.515.730 ha em 2009 (ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE PRODUTORES DE FLORESTAS PLANTADAS (ABRAF), 2010), sendo parte dessa área situada em locais com risco de ocorrência de geadas, como em algumas regiões dos estados do Sul do país, onde as opções de plantio são restritas a poucas espécies que apresentam resistência ao frio, como Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden et Cambage (HIGA, 1999;GRAÇA et al., 1999).E. benthamii é uma planta nativa da Austrália, onde, originalmente, ocorre em solos férteis. Desse modo, para a espécie manifestar seu pote...
ABSTRACT:A commonly accepted concept holds that highly fertile, shallow soils are predominant in the Basaltic Hillsides of Santa Catarina State, in southern Brazil, but their agricultural use is restricted, either by excessive stoniness, low effective depth or steep slopes. Information about soil properties and distribution along the slopes in this region is, however, scarce, especially regarding genesis and clay fraction mineralogy. The objective of this study was to evaluate soil properties of 12 profiles distributed in three toposequences (T) of the Basaltic Hillsides in the State of Santa Catarina, two located in the valley of the Peixe River (Luzerna -T1 and Ipira -T2) and one in Descanso, in the far West of the state (T3). The main focus was the mineralogical composition of the clay fraction, identified by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and its relations with the soil chemical properties. The morphological, chemical, and mineralogical properties of the soils of the toposequences differed from each other. In most soils, the position of the most intense XRD reflections indicated predominance of kaolinite (K) however, for being broad and asymmetric, a participation of interstratified kaolinite-smectite (K-S) was assumed. Soils of T2 and T3, located in regions with higher temperatures, lower water surplus, and lower altitude than those of T1, were more fertile, mostly redder, and contained higher proportions of smectites (S) and interstratified K-S mineral, accounting for a higher activity of the clay fraction of most soils. The T1 soils were generally less fertile, with lower clay activity and, aside from kaolinite, contained smectites with interlayered hydroxy-Al polymers (HIS). The low estimated smectite contents of the most fertile soils of all toposequences disagree with the high values of cation exchange capacity (CEC) and clay activity related to pure kaolinite soils. The broad and asymmetric reflections of most of the supposed kaolinites identified as dominant minerals indicate the presence of K-S interlayers, most likely contributing to raise the CEC of the soils.
RESUMO. O teor de fitato nos grãos está correlacionado com o suprimento de fósforo à planta, porém não se sabe quanto este teor responde à disponibilidade mais lenta do nutriente no solo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do pó de rocha, isolado ou combinado com esterco bovino, sobre: produtividade, teores de proteína, fósforo e fitato nos grãos de feijão. O experimento foi conduzido sob delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Em todas as parcelas, exceção ao tratamento com adubação convencional, foram adicionados pó de granito e fosfato natural. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de testemunha, adubação convencional, pó de basalto (2,5; 5,0; 10,0 e 20,0 t ha -1 ), esterco bovino e as mesmas doses de pó de basalto associadas com esterco bovino. No tratamento com adubação convencional, o teor de fósforo total no grão foi superior a testemunha. A ampliação das doses de pó de basalto proporcionou aumento no teor de fósforo nos grãos, mas o teor de fitato se manteve constante. O pó de basalto demonstrou ser uma alternativa para se manter níveis baixos de fósforo na forma de fitato nos grãos.Palavras-chave: antinutriente, pó de rocha, fósforo.ABSTRACT. Seed phytate and protein content in beans depending on the application of basalt powder. The content of phytate in the grains is correlated with the supply of phosphorus to the plant, but there is a lack of knowledge as to possible effect of slower availability of nutrients in the soil. The objectives of this study were to assess the effect of rock powder, alone or combined with cattle manure, on the productivity, levels of phosphorus, protein and phytate content in beans. The experiment was carried out in a randomized blocks design, with four replications. The treatments were control (limestone, granite and natural phosphate); conventional fertilization; powder basalt (2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 ton. ha -1 ); cattle manure, and doses of powder basalt with cattle manure. In the treatment with conventional fertilizer, the total phosphorus content in grain was higher than the control, but the application of powder of basalt did not show a difference significant. Increase in the doses of basalt powder increased the phosphorus content, but phytate content remained constant. Basalt powder proved to be an alternative to maintain low levels of phosphorus in the form of phytate in the grains.
RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho da cultura do feijão e as alterações nas características químicas do solo, pela aplicação de pó de basalto. O experimento foi conduzido em um Nitossolo Bruno no município de Urupema, SC, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, constituído dos seguintes tratamentos: controle, adubação convencional, pó de basalto nas doses 2,5 -5 -10 e 20 t ha -1 , esterco bovino e as mesmas doses de pó de basalto associadas a esterco bovino. Não foram verificadas diferenças entre os tratamentos para o pH, Al trocável, teores de matéria orgânica, P, Ca, Mg nem para Si do solo. O valor de K do solo foi maior no tratamento com adubo solúvel em relação ao tratamento controle. Não se observaram diferenças entre os tratamentos para a produtividade do feijoeiro nem os teores de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Si, Cu, Zn, Fe e Mn nas folhas das plantas não foram alterados pela aplicação do pó de basalto nos dois cultivos avaliados. Palavras-chave: fontes de nutrientes, minerais, rochagem Soil fertility and growth of common bean in response to fertilization with basalt powder ABSTRACTThis study aimed to evaluate the performance of bean crop and changes in soil chemical properties by application of powdered basalt. The experiment was carried in Urupema (SC) in a completely randomized design, with the following treatments: control, conventional fertilization, basalt powder at rates of 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 t ha -1 , cattle manure and the same doses of powdered basalt associated with cattle manure. Differences between treatments for soil pH, exchangeable Al, organic matter, P, Ca, Mg and Si were not found. The value of K was higher in soil treated with soluble fertilizer in relation to the control treatment. No differences were observed among treatments for yield and plant height, and the contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Si, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn were not affected by the application of basalt powder in two crops.
In the Porto Alegre metropolitan region (PAMR) there are a significant proportion of floodplain soils, mainly Planosols and Gleysols, in relation to upland soils. This study aimed to evaluate the morphological, chemical and physical characteristics, and to classify floodplain soils in the PAMR. Six soil profiles were evaluated under different sedimentary lithologies and drainage classes, and samples were collected for chemical and physical analyzes. Two orders of mineral soils (Planosols and Gleysols) and one order of organic soil (Organosols) were identified. The soils were moderately deep to deep and stratified. In mineral soils hue ranged between 7.5YR and 2.5Y, with the occurrence of Bg, Btg or Cg gley horizons, while in organic soil the colors were neutral. Sand and silt were the predominant particle sizes according to the origin sedimentary deposits. The organic carbon content was negatively related to soil density and positively related to soil specific surface area and with soil cation exchange capacity. Soil chemical characterization showed expressive variation in bases, aluminum and sodium saturation. Ki index and Fe (CBD) /Fe (H2SO4) ratio indicated a low soil weathering degree. The different sedimentary lithologies and the soil hydromorphism degree were the main factors related to differences in morphological, physical and chemical characteristics of soils in the PAMR.Index terms: Hydromorphic soils; quaternary sediments; specific surface area. RESUMONa região metropolitana de Porto Alegre (PAMR) é expressiva a proporção de solos de várzea em relação aos solos de terras altas, com predomínio de Planossolos e Gleissolos. Este estudo objetivou caracterizar a morfologia, a física e a química, e classificar taxonomicamente solos em posições de várzea na PAMR. Foram abertas seis trincheiras em relevo plano, sob diferentes litologias sedimentares e classes de drenagem,onde foram realizadas a descrição morfológica dos perfis de solos e a coleta de amostras para as análises físicas e químicas.Foram identificadas duas ordens de solos minerais (Gleissolo e Planossolo) e uma orgânica (Organossolo). Os solos foram moderadamente profundos a profundos e estratificados. Nos solos minerais a matiz variou entre 7,5YR e 2,5Y, com ocorrência de horizontes gleizados Bg, Btg ou Cg, enquanto no Organossolo as cores foram neutras. A granulometria dos solos, com predominância das frações areia e silte, variou conforme os depósitos sedimentares de origem. A expressiva amplitude dos teores de C orgânico mostrou relação negativa coma densidade do solo, e positiva com a área superficial específica e a capacidade de troca de cátions. Os atributos químicos também se mostraram discriminantes entre os solos avaliados, com ocorrência de distrofismo e eutrofismo, variações amplas dos teores de Al 3+ trocável e ocorrência de caráter solódico. Nos solos minerais o índice Ki e a relação Fe (CBD) /Fe (H2SO4) indicaram um grau incipiente de desenvolvimento dos solos. O material de origem e o grau de hidromorfismo foram os principa...
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