Este artigo tem como objetivo mostrar os modos de dispersão urbana, a partir de dados originais do banco de dados BRASIpolis, associando as manchas dos aglomerados urbanos do Brasil aos dados populacionais de 2010. A abordagem a partir das formas espaciais produzidas requer discutir as palavras, em quatro idiomas, de acordo com o tipo de extensão do tecido urbano, comparando: forma, processo, força e conteúdo. Depois, quatro pontos de vista estão definidos para observar a dispersão urbana, com ênfase nas formas urbanas: escala de observação, padrões de ocupação do solo, ambiente rural e estruturas dos aglomerados. A relevância destas perspectivas é justificada pela descrição de exemplos de vários aglomerados selecionados na base BRASIpolis. O artigo é baseado em uma primeira aproximação do tema, para a escala brasileira, buscando levantar questões e propondo novos caminhos para a pesquisa, incluindo o desenvolvimento de dados retrospectivos para entender o processo de expansão urbana, no decorrer do tempo.
This work seeks to measure, locate, and explain changes in the distribution of population and urban growth in the territory formed by France, Italy, and the Iberian Peninsula between 1920 and 2010. This is based on population data of more than fifty-six thousand local units obtained from population censuses: the Geokhoris database that we built. Our starting viewpoint is that it is only possible to understand the extent of the urbanization process within the context of the evolution of all of the municipalities. The description of the distribution and growth of population at the local level shows the population concentration in the various urban agglomerations, and, since 1970, a relative deconcentration and extension of the cities. Within this context, a regression model helped us to identify the geographic factors that correlate with these fundamental transformations in population geography, which were also indicative of new forms of social organization within the territory.
This text was automatically generated on 2 May 2019. EchoGéo est mis à disposition selon les termes de la licence Creative Commons Attribution-Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale-Pas de Modification 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND)
Le classement des plus grandes agglomérations du monde, appelées megacities par l’ONU, fait autorité et est relayée par d’innombrables publications, scientifiques ou non. Pourtant les statisticiens auteurs de ces listes ne cachent nullement l’existence de problèmes de comparabilité dus au fait que cette organisation multilatérale ne peut légalement que compiler des données nationales hétérogènes que leur communiquent les Etats. L’utilisation d’une définition statistique et spatiale appliquée à toutes les agglomérations du monde montre une hiérarchie totalement différente. En 2010, la Planète abrite 32 agglomérations de plus de 10 millions d’habitants, rassemblant 9,4% de la population mondiale. Après avoir expliqué la définition, la méthode et les sources utilisées, l’article montre le poids écrasant de l’Asie. Il explique ensuite les processus d’émergence récents de ces organismes urbains, mettant en avant des conditions de développement qui font appel à deux notions fondamentales proposées, utiles à la compréhension du phénomène : l’actualisation de l’environnement périphérique urbain ou rural des megacities, et le capital démographique régional. Ces processus permettent finalement de montrer que le nombre et la taille des megacities du monde, qui a augmenté de manière spectaculaire depuis les années 1950, devraient doubler d’ici 2040, mais se stabiliser par la suite.
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