A study was undertaken to assess the level of perceived burnout in college athletic coaches, and to determine whether male coaches differed from female coaches in level of burnout. Burnout was measured with the Maslach Burnout Inventory, a self-report rating scale that provides three subscores: Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Personal Accomplishment. Subjects were NCAA and AIAW Division I college head coaches (138 male and 93 female coaches). The sexes differed on both the emotional exhaustion and the personal accomplishment subscales, in terms of both frequency of response and intensity of response. Female coaches reported significantly higher levels of emotional exhaustion and significantly lower levels of personal accomplishment than male coaches. The largest gender difference on the frequency dimension was for the item, “ I feel frustrated by my job.” For the intensity dimension, the largest difference was for the item “I feel burned out from my work.” Possible explanations for the gender differences are presented.

No abstract

Evidence is presented for the existence of two types of factors when semantic differential data are factor analyzed by treating each concept-scale combination as a variable: (1) factors defined by scales within given concepts and (2) factors defined by scales across concepts. These two types of factors were found for each of two independent data sets. The findings suggest changes in the procedures investigators typically use to select scales, to analyze their three-dimensional array, and to obtain attitude scores.Originally developed as a psycholinguistic tool to assess the dimensionality of connotative meaning, the semantic differential technique (Osgood, Suci, & Tannenbaum, 1957) has subsequently been used in a wide variety of situations for a wide variety of purposes. In its original use, interest was primarily in assessing the dimensionality of connotative meaning across a wide range of heterogeneous concepts. In one of its subsequent applications, however, interest has been in assessing the connotative meaning of a homogeneous domain of concepts, usually for the specific purpose of assessing attitude toward that domain. Although the intentions of the psycholinguist and the attitude researcher differ, the latter group has nevertheless tended to em-APPLIED PSYCHOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT