Contrary to earlier smaller trials, we observed similar improvements in exercise capacity and peripheral endothelial function following AIT and ACT in a large population of CAD patients.

Four months of combined endurance/resistance training significantly reduced circulating levels of NT-proBNP in patients with CHF, without evidence of adverse remodelling. Exercise training might offer additional non-pharmacological modulation of the activated neurohormonal pathways in the setting of CHF.

The short-term improvements of center-based AIT and ACT on physical fitness, physical activity, peripheral endothelial function, cardiovascular risk factors and QoL are sustained after a 1-year follow-up period. The majority of patients (>90%) met the recommended physical activity levels of 150 minutes/week.