SUMMARY:Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) seeds were employed for oil extraction with supercritical CO 2 at laboratory scale. The supercritical extraction was carried out at a temperature of 60 °C, pressure range of 400-500 bars and CO 2 flow of 40-80 g/min. The maximum recovery was 58% in 180 min, favored by increasing the residence time of CO 2 in the extraction tank. Subsequently, the process was evaluated at pilot scale reaching a maximum recovery of 60% in 105 min, with a temperature of 60 °C, pressure of 450 bars and CO 2 flow of 1270 g/min. The fatty acid composition of the oil was not affected for an extraction period of 30-120 min. The Sacha inchi oil was fractionated with supercritical CO 2 to obtain an omega-3 concentrate oil without finding a considerable increase in the proportion of this compound, due to the narrow range in the carbon number of fatty acids present in the oil (16-18 carbons), making it difficult for selective separation. KEYWORDS: a -linolenic acid; Omega-3; Sacha inchi; Supercritical extractionRESUMEN: Extracción con CO 2 supercrítico de aceite y un concentrado de omega-3 a partir de Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) proveniente de Antioquia, Colombia. Semillas de Sacha inchi fueron empleadas para la extracción de su aceite con CO 2 supercrítico a escala de laboratorio, a una temperatura de 60 °C, entre 400-500 bares de presión y un flujo de CO 2 entre 40-80 g/min, obteniendose una recuperación máxima del 58% en 180 min favorecida por el aumento en el tiempo de residencia del CO 2 en el tanque de extracción. Posteriormente, se evaluó el proceso a escala piloto, alcanzando una recuperación máxima del 60% en 105 min de extracción, a una temperatura de 60 °C, presión de 450 bares y flujo de CO 2 de 1270 g/min, sin afectar la composición de los ácidos grasos del aceite durante un periodo de extracción entre 30-120 min. El aceite de Sacha inchi fue fraccionado con CO 2 supercrítico para la obtención de un aceite concentrado de omega-3, sin encontrar aumento considerable en la proporción de este compuesto debido al estrecho rango en el número de carbonos (16-18 carbonos) de los ácidos grasos presentes en el aceite, lo que dificulta su separación selectiva.

Biopesticides are pest and pathogen management agents based on living microorganisms or natural products (botanical origin). Due to their natural origins, they stand out as an environmentally friendly tool, since they quickly decompose and minimize pollution problems produced by synthetic pesticides. However, these products present significant challenges that affect the bioactivities of the active components, due to the degradation of the biomass or bioactive metabolite by factors such as air, light, and temperature. Therefore, in this study, a systematic search of the Scopus database was conducted and scientometric tools were used to evaluate formulation techniques and approaches that seek to improve the bioactivities of natural preparations. The results showed that published research on biopesticides has significantly increased by 71.24% in the last decade (2011–2021). Likewise, the bibliometrics showed, through temporal flow analysis, and in the period from 2010 to 2021, investigations evolved have toward the use of nanotechnology, with the purpose of improving and potentiating the formulations of biopesticides. Consequently, nanotechnology tools can be classified as current strategies of interest that allow the increase and protection of bioefficacy to a greater extent than traditional biopesticide preparations. This review constitutes an important contribution to future research and expands the panorama in relation to biopesticide formulations for the control of agricultural pests.

This study evaluated lactic acid production through batch fermentation in a bioreactor with <em>Thermoanaerobacter</em> sp. strain USBA-018 and a chemically defined culture medium and with hydrolyzed pressed extract of <em>Aloe vera</em> peel (AHE). The strain USBA-018 fermented various sugars, but its primary end-product was L-lactic acid. Factors which influenced L- lactic acid production were pH, addition of yeast extract (YE) and manganese chloride. Under the most favorable growing conditions for the production of lactic acid, yield (Yp/s) increased from 0.66 to 0.96 g/g with a productivity (Qp) of 0.62 g.l-1.h and a maximum lactic acid concentration of 178 mM at 26 hours of fermentation. When AHE was used, 93.3 mM, or 0.175 g.h/L, was obtained. These results show the potential for transformation of sugars that strain USBA-018 offers, but additional studies are needed to find out if different strategies using AHE as carbon source can produce large enough quantities of lactic acid to allow AHE to become a low-cost alternative substrate.

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