CBT + medication outperformed CBT alone for ADHD symptoms, organizational skills, and self-esteem, although its superiority tended to decrease over follow-up.

This review focuses on the treatment of attention defi cit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults. It briefl y addresses prevalence, diagnostic and differential diagnostic issues specifi c to adults. Stimulant medication, non-stimulant medication, and psychosocial treatments are thoroughly reviewed. For each class of medication possible mechanism of action, effi cacy and side effects are summarized. Special attention is given to the pharmacological treatment for patients with adult ADHD and various comorbidities. In summary, stimulant medications are most effective and combined medication and psychosocial treatment is the most benefi cial treatment option for most adult patients with ADHD.

This study examined the sources and kinds of help that students who were required to participate in science fairs considered fair and reasonable and the kinds of help they actually received for their project. In addition, the possibility of cheating was explicitly probed. A previously reported gap between potential and actual sources and kinds of help was confirmed, and 5 of the 24 students whose participation was required in a science fair admitted to making up their data or results. Pressure of time was the most highly reported obstacle faced by all students. Although 5 students cheated, one demonstrated a strong sense of right and wrong, but all the students who cheated lacked or did not make use of adaptive strategies.

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