Treatment of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Abstract

This review focuses on the treatment of attention defi cit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults. It briefl y addresses prevalence, diagnostic and differential diagnostic issues specifi c to adults. Stimulant medication, non-stimulant medication, and psychosocial treatments are thoroughly reviewed. For each class of medication possible mechanism of action, effi cacy and side effects are summarized. Special attention is given to the pharmacological treatment for patients with adult ADHD and various comorbidities. In summary, stimulant medications are most effective and combined medication and psychosocial treatment is the most benefi cial treatment option for most adult patients with ADHD.

A Phase 3, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Once-Daily Viloxazine Extended-Release Capsules in Adolescents With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

“…This suggests a relatively quick onset of action of VLX-ER, which is particularly relevant considering the slow onset of action observed with some current FDA-approved nonstimulant medications for ADHD (eg, atomoxetine). 27 These results are consistent with a previous phase 2 trial investigating VLX-ER, 36 as well as a phase 3 trial investigating 100-mg/d and 200-mg/d VLX-ER doses in children. 35 …”

Prevalence and determinants of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication use during pregnancy: Results from the Quebec Pregnancy/Children Cohort

“…Given that lower dosages are often prescribed at the initiation of medication intake, this clinical practice may lead to a decrease in the overall daily dosage. 32 As such, we used the lower range of what is recommended as the minimum threshold of pharmacotherapy efficacy. 10 For a specified ADHD medication, the percentage of prescriptions with optimal dosage was estimated by dividing the number of all prescriptions optimally prescribed according to guidelines by the total number of prescriptions for that particular ADHD medication.…”

What Do Current Algorithms Recommend in The Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder?

“…Birinci sıra tedaviyi tolere edememiş, yeterli yanıt alamayan veya birinci sıra ilaçlara erişimi olmayan hastalar için kullanılabilirler (44) . Stimulan olmayan ilaçların birinci sıra tedaviye yeterli yanıt alamayan hastalarda birinci sıra ajanlarla kombinasyon hâlinde de kullanılabileceğini belirtilmektedir (45) .…”