Dietary administration of Enovid® at 7.5 mg/kg of food for 11 days to intact female rats reduced their cyclic running activity and induced changes in vaginal cytology characteristic of estrus. There was a linear relationship between the logarithm of the dose of Enovid® ingested and the percent decrease in running activity from the average observed before drug administration. Dietary administration of norethynodrel, one of the two components of Enovid®, at 7.5 mg/kg of food for 21 days decreased the magnitude of the running activity slightly but failed to affect its cyclic nature. In contrast, dietary administration of mestranol at either 0.125 or 0.54 μg/kg of food for 24 and 29 days respectively reduced running activity and increased the length of the estrus cycle. Hence, the effect of Enovid® on the running activity of intact rats is probably attributable to the mestranol contained in it. An apparent escape from the effects of chronic administration of mestranol on spontaneous running activity was observed from 20 to 30 days after beginning treatment with either dose used. The escape was characterized by a reinitiation of cyclic running activity during chronic drug administration. Elucidation of the mechanism of the escape phenomenon will require further study.
The capabilities of permanently installed fiber optic cable to monitor the distribution of slurry between perforation clusters in a hydraulic fracturing treatment are now well understood throughout the industry. The distributed measurements from the fiber optic cable gives the ability to test different completion designs to evaluate which design can promote a more uniform flow distribution between perforation clusters.
Over the past few years, the cost of utilizing a permanently installed fiber optic cable has decreased. However, the investment still adds to the total development cost of the pad, meaning that the knowledge gained from fiber optic measurements need to be maximized in order to realize the value added and to lower costs on future developments. For this reason, it is imperative to understand the challenges to be solved by implementing this technology, and to create a structured design of experiments suited to solve these challenges.
This paper presents some recent work performed in the southern Delaware Basin utilizing fiber optic-based distributed acoustic sensing data. The primary objectives of this project were to improve the fluid distribution between clusters and to test the ability to keep the improved fluid distribution while extending the treatment interval length. The variables changed between experiments to achieve these goals will be discussed along with their corresponding results. It will be shown how pairing the fiber optic measurements with a structured design of experiments increased the knowledge gained from the fiber optic project.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.