The main aim of the EU H2020 project EcoSwing was to demonstrate a technical readiness level of 6–7 for high-temperature superconducting (HTS) technology operating in a wind generator. To reach this goal, a full-scale synchronous HTS generator was successfully designed, built and field-tested in a 3.6 MW turbine. The generator has a rotor with 40 superconducting coils of 1.4 m long. The required >20 km of coated conductor was produced within the project’s time schedule. All coils were tested prior to assembly, with >90% of them behaving as expected. The technical readiness level of HTS coils was thus increased to level 7. Simultaneously, the maturing of cryogenic cooling technology over the last decade was illustrated by the several Gifford-McMahon cold-heads that were installed on-board the rotor and connected with the stationary compressors through a rotating coupling. The cryogenic system outperformed design expectations, enabling stable coil temperatures far below the design temperature of 30 K after only 14 d of cool-down. After ground-based testing at the IWES facility in Bremerhaven, Germany, the generator was installed on an existing turbine in Thyborøn, Denmark. Here, the generator reached the target power range and produced power for over 650 h of grid operation.

High temperature superconducting (HTS) technologies are expected to be a key enabler for lightweight and costeffective direct-drive (DD) trains for large wind turbines. This paper reports the designing and basic experimental validation of the world's first full-scale DD HTS generator demonstrated on a commercial wind turbine. The HTS generator has its rotor with an HTS field winding working below 30 K, which is achieved by using off-the-shelf Gifford-McMahon cryocoolers. The stator of the generator is essentially conventional, except that the armature winding has four segments to limit fault torques in case of sudden short circuits due to converter failures. Compared to an existing DD permanent magnet generator on the turbine, the air gap shearing stress of the HTS generator is doubled, and the weight is reduced by 24%. The overall design requirements from the turbine integration perspective, as well as the topological considerations, are first described in this paper. The electromagnetic and cryogenic designs are then presented, followed by performance testing of HTS coils. The basic experimental validation shows that the cryogenic design

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The EU-funded EcoSwing project addresses the world's first full-scale direct-drive (DD) high temperature superconducting (HTS) wind turbine generator. Before the generator was installed on a commercial wind turbine, the generator had been tested on the ground at the Dynamic Nacelle Testing Laboratory (DyNaLab) in Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy Systems (IWES), serving as an experimental validation of the generator design. This article is centered on the ground testing of the EcoSwing HTS generator, which includes corresponding tests for validating the generator's cryogenic design and electromagnetic performance. Despite one HTS coil with a defect limiting the operating current significantly, partial power production up to 1 MW at 14.5 rpm was reached. The critical auxiliary systems, i.e., vacuum system and rotary helium coupling, behaved as expected or even better than anticipated. The work reported in the article successfully validates the generator design, and also provides firsthand information prior to installing and testing the HTS generator on the wind turbine.

A full-size stationary experimental setup , which is a pole pair segment of a 2 MW high temperature superconducting (HTS) wind turbine generator, has been built and tested under the HTS-GEN project in Denmark. The performance of the HTS coil is crucial to the setup , and further to the development of the full generator. This paper deals with the HTS coil employed in the setup. The coil utilizing YBCO tapes is double-layered with 152 turns per layer and is wound on a FeNi9 iron core. Several sensors are installed to monitor the operating status of the coil, e.g., temperature, field, voltage. The coil is tested in LN first, and then tested in the setup so that the magnetic environment in a real generator is reflected. The experimental results are reported, followed by a finite element simulation and a discussion on the deviation of the results. The tested and estimated Ic in LN 2 are 148 A and 143 A, respectively. When tested in the setup , the maximum temperature of the coil is controlled at 77 K and 40 K, and the I-V curves under both conditions are presented. It is found that the lower half coil that is closer to the stator has a smaller Ic due to a higher field level. The study is of significance to the development of HTS generators.