Subcutaneous abscesses or granulomas in the lower extremities of dogs commonly occur secondary to the penetration and migration of vegetal foreign bodies (FBs). The aim of this study was to describe the clinical presentation and ultrasonographic appearance of intact grass awn FBs in the lower extremities of dogs, and their ultrasound-guided retrieval with particular emphasis on the feasibility, effectiveness and prognosis associated with this technique. In this retrospective study, 22 FBs were identified ultrasonographically in 19 dogs. The procedure resulted in the successful retrieval of the FB in 100% of dogs, and the clinical signs resolved in 90% (n=17) in less than ten days. No complications or recurrence were encountered. This study shows that ultrasonographic examination should be the first-choice modality when a vegetal FB is suspected within the distal extremity, as it allows both identification and removal of the FB with a minimally invasive procedure, with short- and long-term effectiveness and good prognosis.
An 8-year-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat was presented for evaluation of acute respiratory distress. Respiratory auscultation revealed a diffuse and symmetric increase in bronchovesicular sounds. Thoracic radiographs showed a diffuse unstructured interstitial pulmonary pattern with multifocal alveolar foci. Despite an aggressive treatment with supportive care, including oxygenotherapy and systemic antibiotics, progressive respiratory distress increased. Three days after the presentation, acute anterior uveitis was noticed on left eye. Ophthalmic examination and ocular ultrasonography revealed unilateral panuveitis with ocular hypertension. The right eye examination was unremarkable. Cytological examination of aqueous humor revealed a suppurative inflammation. Serratia marcescens was identified from aqueous humor culture. Primary pulmonary infection was suspected but was not confirmed as owners declined bronchoalveolar lavage. Active uveitis resolved and cat’s pulmonary status improved after appropriate systemic antibacterial therapy. Vision loss was permanent due to secondary mature cataract. To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis secondary to S. marcescens infection in a cat.
A 6‐year‐4‐month‐old male entire Dalmatian was referred for acute onset ataxia, obtundation, head pressing, dropped jaw and vertical nystagmus. Neurological examination identified vestibular ataxia, positional left‐sided ventrolateral strabismus, static vertical nystagmus, dropped jaw, ptyalism, inconsistently present bilateral palpebral reflexes, menace responses and gag reflex. Based upon neurological examination, multiple cranial nerves were affected, and cranial polyneuropathy was suspected. Peripheral or central cranial polyneuropathy could not be differentiated at this stage. Forebrain disease could not be excluded considering the dog's clinical signs. MRI of the head identified bilaterally enlarged hyperintense and contrast‐enhancing trigeminal and vestibulocochlear nerves. Cisternal cerebral spinal fluid analysis was normal. Cranial polyneuritis was suspected. Medical management was initiated with an immunosuppressive dose of prednisolone and ciclosporin and an improvement of the dog's clinical signs was observed. This case is the first to describe a diagnostic approach and treatment plan for suspected cranial polyneuritis.
The tarsocrural (TC) joint articulates the distal end of the tibia with the medial and lateral trochlear ridges of the talus. The proximal tubercle of the talus (PTT), on the proximal and medial aspect of the talus, has a groove through which the medial digital flexor tendon runs, which divides the PTT into a medial and plantar portion (Espinosa et al., 2013;Nixon, 2020). It is also an insertion point for a portion of the medial short collateral ligaments of the TC joint (Verwilghen et al., 2010). The TC joint is divided into distinctive compartments. Arthroscopic access to the four pouches of the TC joint is typically utilised for surgical intervention of TC joint pathology.Arthroscopic access to the plantaromedial pouch permits evaluation of the medial malleolus, the abaxial aspect of the medial trochlear ridge (MTR), the middle or deep part of the short medial collateral ligament and the long medial collateral ligament (Kummerle & Kummer, 2013).Fractures due to trauma are relatively common in foals, frequently secondary to external traumatic events. Fractures of the plantar region of the talus are infrequent in horses, and often difficult to diagnose. Though rarely reported, the most frequently identified fracture in the plantar aspect of the TC joint is fracture j5 of the PTT, and these fractures are usually extra-articular (Espinosa et al.,
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