Background: Heart failure (HF) is increasing in prevalence worldwide. This systematic review was conducted to inform understanding of its humanistic and economic burden. Methods: Electronic databases (Embase, MEDLINE®, and Cochrane Library) were searched in May 2017. Data were extracted from studies reporting health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in 200 patients or more (published 2007–2017), or costs and resource use in 100 patients or more (published 2012–2017). Relevant HRQoL studies were those that used the 12- or 36-item Short-Form Health Surveys, EuroQol Group 5-dimensions measure of health status, Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire or Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire. Results: In total, 124 studies were identified: 54 for HRQoL and 71 for costs and resource use (Europe: 25/15; North America: 24/50; rest of world/multinational: 5/6). Overall, individuals with HF reported worse HRQoL than the general population and patients with other chronic diseases. Some evidence identified supports a correlation between increasing disease severity and worse HRQoL. Patients with HF incurred higher costs and resource use than the general population and patients with other chronic conditions. Inpatient care and hospitalizations were identified as major cost drivers in HF. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that patients with HF experience worse HRQoL and incur higher costs than individuals without HF or patients with other chronic diseases. Early treatment of HF and careful disease management to slow progression and to limit the requirement for hospital admission are likely to reduce both the humanistic burden and economic impact of HF.
Violent encounters that result in time loss from work or workers' compensation claims may be particularly good benchmarks for tracking workplace violence. Tracking is possible because such events are workplace related, records are available and convenient to study, cases of serious health outcomes are defined already, useful information is available on the occurrence of the event, and individual records are relatively complete. Such records can offer useful impressions about the peculiarities in the frequency of workplace violence in a population.In fiscal year (FY) 1993, 2,185 cases involving fatal and nonfatal human violence were opened and recorded by the Office of Workers' Compensation Programs (OWCP) within the Department of Labor. These cases involved employees in approximately 30 different departments and agencies of the federal government. The highest case rates occurred in the Department of Veterans Affairs, the Department of Justice, and the Department of Transportation. Eleven fatalities were recorded; the highest case fatality rate occurred in the Department of Treasury. Fatalities also occurred in the Department of Labor and the Department of Justice and in the United States Postal Service. Of the total number of cases involving workplace violence, 1,222 cases involved "time lost from work." The highest rates of cases of time lost from work occurred in the Department of Justice and the Department of Veterans Affairs (U.S. Department of Labor, 1993). Preliminary information for FY 1994 shows similar findings. In FY 1994, a total of 7 fatalities occurred in the Departments of the Army, Justice, Treasury, and Labor (US. Department of Labor, 1994). In both years, cases were filed almost equally by sex, although for some occupations one or the other sex predominated.
Background: Heart failure (HF) is increasing in prevalence worldwide. This systematic review was conducted to inform understanding of its humanistic and economic burden. Methods: Electronic databases (Embase, MEDLINE®, and Cochrane Library) were searched in May 2017. Data were extracted from studies reporting health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in 200 patients or more (published 2007–2017), or costs and resource use in 100 patients or more (published 2012–2017). Relevant HRQoL studies were those that used the 12- or 36-item Short-Form Health Surveys, EuroQol Group 5-dimensions measure of health status, Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire or Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire. Results: In total, 124 studies were identified: 54 for HRQoL and 71 for costs and resource use (Europe: 25/15; North America: 24/50; rest of world/multinational: 5/6). Overall, individuals with HF reported worse HRQoL than the general population and patients with other chronic diseases. Some evidence identified supports a correlation between increasing disease severity and worse HRQoL. Patients with HF incurred higher costs and resource use than the general population and patients with other chronic conditions. Inpatient care and hospitalizations were identified as major cost drivers in HF. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that patients with HF experience worse HRQoL and incur higher costs than individuals without HF or patients with other chronic diseases. Early treatment of HF and careful disease management to slow progression and to limit the requirement for hospital admission are likely to reduce both the humanistic burden and economic impact of HF.
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