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Gluten-free bakery products are usually deficient in dietary fiber and inferior sources of protein. Studies that have assessed sensory characterization of products prepared with orange pomace are scarce. This study evaluated the employment of 30% of rice-based pregelatinized composite flours (containing 15, 25 or 35% orange pomace blended with 5% soy protein isolate) on gluten-free biscuits. The target was the investigation of the nutritional profile and consumer’s acceptance of three short dough sweet biscuit samples. Thermoplastic extrusion was an efficient unit operation for the elaboration of a new gluten-free ingredient in which a by-product rich in total dietary fiber and a component with a high level of protein were employed. All pregelatinized composite flours in this study can be labeled as protein sources and can be claimed as high in total dietary fiber content, as well as two biscuit samples that can be labeled as total dietary fiber source. Also, all pregelatinized composite flours and biscuits presented low moisture and water activity, being microbiologically stable to room temperature (25 ± 2 °C). Complementarily, the results of the microbiological evaluations [(coagulase-positive Staphylococcus, thermotolerant coliform (45 °C) and Salmonella sp. (absence in 25 g)] of the biscuits and their comparison with the Brazilian microbiological standards legislation attested their safety. Concerning the sensory analysis, adults’ results showed that the flavor attribute might be responsible for increasing the overall impression score of a sample. In contrast, children’s results showed that they did not distinguish (p ≥ 0.05) two of three samples of biscuits analyzed.

This study aimed to obtain gluten‐free pregelatinized composite flours. A central composite rotational design was employed to study the impact of variation of the amount of whole‐grain sorghum flour, the conditioning moisture in composite flour, and the temperature in the third zone of the extruder on the flour properties. Conditioning moisture was the parameter that most influenced peak viscosity, trough, final viscosity, and setback of flours. Pregelatinized composite flours with similar pasting properties to cross‐linked chemically modified sorghum starches were obtained. While the sorghum flour presented 83.6°C for pasting temperature, 489 cP for peak viscosity, and 1,329 cP for setback, the pregelatinized composite flours presented values between 69–74.4°C, 129–257 cP, and 108–311 cP, respectively. The variation of the process and formulation parameters resulted in the production of flours with well‐differentiated pasting properties that would meet specific technological features for application in various foodstuffs, and some optimizations for food applications were shown. Practical applications Broadly driven by consumers who voluntarily avoid or limit gluten in their diets, the demand for gluten‐free (GF) products continues strong in the foodservice and retail sectors. Besides, GF has become an expectation for consumers seeking “clean label” products. However, the formulation and the manufacture of baked goods without gluten results in considerable technological problems for both cereal technologists and bakers. Limited research has been performed on the heat treatment of whole‐grain sorghum flour. This study provides essential information about the technological characteristics of sorghum‐based pregelatinized flours, especially related to their pasting properties. The results show that using these flours will be a good alternative for replacing cross‐linked chemically modified sorghum starches. Besides, these flours are valuable to increase the diversity of sustainable products made with gluten‐free whole‐grain cereals, easily suiting a “clean label ingredients.”

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B. amyloliquefaciens is a Gram-positive, aerobic, motile rod, often found in soil, which has been described as a plant growth promoter and is used in several industrial processes. This study reports an episode involving the gassy spoilage of salad dressing caused by B. amyloliquefaciens in a production facility located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Nine B. amyloliquefaciens strains were isolated from spoiled salad dressings, the sugar used as a raw material in the manufacture and from the production plant. A genotypic analysis of the isolates by Rep-PCR generated eight band profiles grouped in five Rep-PCR clusters. When re-inoculated into fresh salad dressing three B. amyloliquefaciens isolates belonging to the Rep-PCR clusters A, D and E were able to reproduce the gassy spoilage process, whereas the isolates belonging to the Rep-PCR clusters B and C did not produce any visible spoilage, suggesting that these isolates were not directly involved in the spoilage process. The predominant Rep-PCR cluster, cluster A, included strains isolated from barbecue and passion fruit seed salad dressings and from sugar (raw material), suggesting it is a common source of contamination for such salad dressings. Keywords: Microbial spoilage; Molecular typing; Industrial plant contamination. ResumoB. amyloliquefaciens é um bastonete Gram-positivo, aeróbio e móvel, e é encontrado, frequentemente, no solo. Este bastonete foi descrito como um promotor de crescimento de plantas e é usado em diversos processos industriais. Este estudo relata um episódio de deterioração gasosa de molho de salada causada por B. amyloliquefaciens, que ocorreu em uma unidade de produção localizada no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Foram isoladas nove cepas de B. amyloliquefaciens de molhos de salada deteriorados, do açúcar utilizado como matéria-prima na fabricação e da planta de produção. A análise genotípica dos isolados por Rep-PCR gerou oito perfis de bandas, agrupados em cinco clusters Rep-PCR. Quando reinoculados em molho de salada fresco, três cepas de B. amyloliquefaciens, pertencentes aos clusters Rep-PCR A, D e E, foram capazes de reproduzir o processo de deterioração gasosa, enquanto as cepas pertencentes aos clusters Rep-PCR B e C não produziram deterioração visível, o que sugere que essas cepas não estavam diretamente envolvidas no processo de deterioração. O grupo predominante, Rep-PCR cluster A, incluiu cepas isoladas de molhos de semente de maracujá e barbecue, e do açúcar (matéria-prima), sugerindo uma fonte comum de contaminação para esses molhos. Palavras

Yarrowia lipolytica is a unique, strictly aerobic yeast with the ability to degrade efficiently hydrophobic substrates. In the present work, we evaluated the degrading potential of Yarrowia lipolytica IMUFRJ 50682, isolated from tropical estuarine water in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), and the possible biomolecules produced during this process. To investigate which crude oil compounds are degraded by Y. lipolytica IMUFRJ 50682, this microorganism was grown in a medium containing Marlim petroleum (19 °API, American Petroleum Institute gravity) at 28 °C and 160 rpm for 5 days. The residual petroleum was submitted to gas chromatograph-mass spectrometric analysis (GC-MS). The chromatographic fingerprints of the residual petroleum were compared with the abiotic control test incubated in the same conditions. Y. lipolytica assimilates high molecular weight hydrocarbons, such as n-alkanes (C11-C19), isoprenoids (pristane and phytane), aromatics with two or three aromatics rings (naphthalene, methylnaphthalenes, dimethylnaphthalenes, trimethylnaphthalenes, phenanthrene, methylphenanthrenes, dimethylphenanthrenes, anthracene). This strain was also capable of consuming more complex hydrocarbons, such as tricyclic terpanes. During this biodegradation, the emulsification index of the culture medium increased significantly, showing that biosurfactant molecules can be produced from this process. Therefore, Y. lipolytica IMUFRJ 50682 showed to be a potential crude oil degrading yeast, which can be used for bioremediation processes and simultaneously produce bioproducts of commercial interest.

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