Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by both enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems within eukaryotic cells and play important roles in cellular physiology and pathophysiology. Although physiological concentrations are crucial for ensuring cell survival, ROS overproduction is detrimental to cells, and considered key-factors for the development of several diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disorders, and cancer. Cancer cells are usually submitted to higher ROS levels that further stimulate malignant phenotype through stimulus to sustained proliferation, death evasion, angiogenesis, invasiveness, and metastasis. The role of ROS on breast cancer etiology and progression is being progressively elucidated. However, less attention has been given to the development of redox system-targeted strategies for breast cancer therapy. In this review, we address the basic mechanisms of ROS production and scavenging in breast tumor cells, and the emerging possibilities of breast cancer therapies targeting ROS homeostasis.

The ProTaper(™) and WaveOne™ systems were equally effective in reducing Enterococcus faecalis in primary molars. The WaveOne(™) system was associated with shorter instrumentation time.

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DUOX1 is an H2O2-generating enzyme related to a wide range of biological features, such as hormone synthesis, host defense, cellular proliferation, and fertilization. DUOX1 is frequently downregulated in lung and liver cancers, suggesting a tumor suppressor role for this enzyme. Here, we show that DUOX1 expression is decreased in breast cancer cell lines and also in breast cancers when compared to the nontumor counterpart. In order to address the role of DUOX1 in breast cells, we stably knocked down the expression of DUOX1 in nontumor mammary cells (MCF12A) with shRNA. This led to higher cell proliferation rates and decreased migration and adhesion properties, which are typical features for transformed cells. After genotoxic stress induced by doxorubicin, DUOX1-silenced cells showed reduced IL-6 and IL-8 secretion and increased apoptosis levels. Furthermore, the cell proliferation rate was higher in DUOX1-silenced cells after doxorubicin medication in comparison to control cells. In conclusion, we demonstrate here that DUOX1 is silenced in breast cancer, which seems to be involved in breast carcinogenesis.

A 30-year-old man diagnosed with follicular thyroid carcinoma treated previously with total thyroidectomy was referred to radioiodine treatment. Post-therapy scan performed 10 days after a 150 mCi 131NaI revealed radioiodine uptake in left temporal region. To elucidate the abnormal head uptake, Tc-99m MDP bone scan and head magnetic resonance image was performed. No anomalous uptake was observed in the bone scan. Head magnetic resonance image found a well-circumscribed lesion in temporal was compatible with a vascular malformation. Angioresonance confirmed the diagnosis of cavernous angioma, a benign vascular tumor.

INTRODUCTION In Brazil, most of the 9,196 deaths due to brain cancers in 2017 were gliomas. There is a dearth of epidemiological data on diffuse glioma in Brazil. METHODS LACOG 0619 is a multicentric retrospective cohort study, which included patients from nine tertiary oncology centers. Patients aged ≥18 years with histologically proven astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, oligoastrocytoma or glioblastoma diagnosed from June 2010 to June 2019 were included. The study protocol was approved by each Institutional Review Board. RESULTS 642 patients were included in the analysis. Median age was 51.0 (19-91) years. Most patients were male (n=364, 56.8%), 175 (27.3%) had ECOG 0-1, and 480 (74.8%) had private healthcare insurance. Neurological symptoms were present in 568 (88.5%) patients at diagnosis, and 263 (41.0%) had a history of seizure before surgery. Regarding histology, 361 (56.2%) had glioblastoma, 162 (25.2%) had astrocytoma, 90 (14.0%) had oligodendroglioma, and 23 (3.6%) had glioma NOS. Gross total resection was performed in 168 (26.2%), subtotal resection in 292 (45.5%), biopsy in 108 (16.8%), conventional radiotherapy in 380 (59.2%), and hypofractionation in 44 (6.9%) patients. Concomitant chemoradiotherapy was administered to 370 (57.6%) patients, mostly with temozolamide (n=362, 97.8%). Furthermore, 434 (67.7%) patients received maintenance chemotherapy, 398 with temozolamide (< 6 cycles in 112 [28.4%], 6 cycles in 75 [18.8%], and >6 cycles in 214 [3.8%]). Median follow-up was 29 months (26-33). Median OS according to histology was: 35 months (95%CI 26-46) for glioblastoma, 91 months (95%CI 35-NR) for glioma NOS, and not reached for astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma. Median OS by number of temozolamide maintenance cycles was 18 months (95%CI 15-24) for < 6 cycles and not reached for 6 cycles or more. CONCLUSIONS This is the first multicentric cohort evaluating Brazilian patients with diffuse glioma, providing important data on epidemiology, treatment patterns, and survival in the country.

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