Aims and objectives
To evaluate the effectiveness of topical interventions in the prevention or treatment of intravenous therapy‐related phlebitis.
Background
Phlebitis is a severe inflammatory reaction that can be caused by intravenous therapy with hyperosmolar drugs. Although a variety of interventions are performed in several different countries, the most efficient method is yet to be established.
Design
A systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted.
Methods
Following the PRISMA checklist, we conducted a literature search using seven different databases using an individual strategy adapted for each. Studies in which any topical intervention was applied to prevent or treat intravenous therapy‐related phlebitis which were published between 1998 and 2019 were analysed.
Results
Data were collected of 13 RCTs, which in total collected data from 2,015 patients during hospital treatments with different types of intravenous therapies, such as fluid replacement, antibiotics, chemotherapy and antiarrhythmic drugs. The effectiveness of different topical interventions such as the application of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, Sesame indicum oil, heparin sodium formulations, Chamomilla recutita tea and ointment, and Rosmarinus officinalis ointment were identified.
Relevance to Clinical Practice
Although the studies suggest a potential to use phytotherapy agents as topical interventions, pharmaceutical preparations, main substrate, and pharmaceutical or phytotherapeutic origins are very different between studies. There are insufficient data to build a solid conclusion that lead us to recommend a specific topical intervention in the prevention or treatment of intravenous therapy‐related phlebitis.
Objective: to present an update on the types of phlebitis, namely: chemical phlebitis, mechanical phlebitis, bacterial or infectious phlebitis and phlebitis post-infusional aspects related to the concept, characteristics, clinical manifestations and their impact on clinical nursing practice. Method: update article on chemical, mechanical, bacterial or infectious phlebitis and post-infusion phlebitis. Results: chemical phlebitis results from the administration of drugs that damage the endothelium of the vessels; a mechanical phlebitis is related to the incorrect handling of the devices; bacterial phlebitis occurs due to incorrect aseptic techniques and post-infusional phlebitis occurs within 48 hours after venous withdrawal. Final considerations: as the main causes of involvement of phlebitis the use of hazardous materials, lack of attention in the preparation of medicines and incorrect aseptic techniques, which makes the performance of nursing professionals indispensable.
Este artigo tem por objetivo descrever o mecanismo de ação das antraciclinas, bem como as estratégias de prevenção e de tratamento para o extravasamento destas drogas. Para tanto, foi realizada busca em bases de dados eletrônicas. O número de extravasamentos ocorridos em uma unidade de quimioterapia é tido como um indicador de qualidade assistencial de enfermagem. A redução do risco e o manejo adequado do extravasamento corrobora com as diretrizes da administração segura de medicamentos, sendo esta uma meta internacional de segurança do paciente. Assim, os cuidados de enfermagem em relação à infusão de antraciclinas por via intravenosa periférica, bem como das complicações advindas desta emergência oncológica, são cruciais para a melhoria da assistência de enfermagem. O conhecimento sobre estratégias de prevenção e de manejo de extravasamento por antraciclinas são fundamentais para o enfermeiro.
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