No abstract

There was no strong evidence that indicates differences between topical pharmacological interventions or non-pharmacological topical controls in the prevention of acute radiation dermatitis among patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy.

Objective: develop the content and face validation of an educative manual for patients with head and neck cancer submitted to radiation therapy. Method: descriptive methodological research. The Theory of Psychometrics was used for the validation process, developed by 15 experts in the theme area of the educative manual and by two language and publicity professionals. A minimum agreement level of 80% was considered to guarantee the validity of the material. Results: the items addressed in the assessment tool of the educative manual were divided in three blocks: objectives, structure and format, and relevance. Only one item, related to the sociocultural level of the target public, obtained an agreement rate <80%, and was reformulated based on the participants' suggestions. All other items were considered appropriate and/or complete appropriate in the three blocks proposed: objectives - 92.38%, structure and form - 89.74%, and relevance - 94.44%. Conclusion: the face and content validation of the educative manual proposed were attended to. This can contribute to the understanding of the therapeutic process the head and neck cancer patient is submitted to during the radiation therapy, besides supporting clinical practice through the nursing consultation.

Aims and objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of topical interventions in the prevention or treatment of intravenous therapy‐related phlebitis. Background Phlebitis is a severe inflammatory reaction that can be caused by intravenous therapy with hyperosmolar drugs. Although a variety of interventions are performed in several different countries, the most efficient method is yet to be established. Design A systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted. Methods Following the PRISMA checklist, we conducted a literature search using seven different databases using an individual strategy adapted for each. Studies in which any topical intervention was applied to prevent or treat intravenous therapy‐related phlebitis which were published between 1998 and 2019 were analysed. Results Data were collected of 13 RCTs, which in total collected data from 2,015 patients during hospital treatments with different types of intravenous therapies, such as fluid replacement, antibiotics, chemotherapy and antiarrhythmic drugs. The effectiveness of different topical interventions such as the application of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, Sesame indicum oil, heparin sodium formulations, Chamomilla recutita tea and ointment, and Rosmarinus officinalis ointment were identified. Relevance to Clinical Practice Although the studies suggest a potential to use phytotherapy agents as topical interventions, pharmaceutical preparations, main substrate, and pharmaceutical or phytotherapeutic origins are very different between studies. There are insufficient data to build a solid conclusion that lead us to recommend a specific topical intervention in the prevention or treatment of intravenous therapy‐related phlebitis.

Totally implanted catheter, which is effective in deceasing complications related to peripheral intravenous therapy, is widely used in patients with cancer. Thus, the goal of this study was to identify the nursing actions regarding the manipulation and management of totally implanted catheter in patients with cancer. An integrative literature review was conducted. A final sample of 15 articles was evaluated. Findings indicated that nursing actions are directed to the catheter dwelling time, the catheter-related complications, the manipulation and management of the catheter, the patients' perception of the catheter, and the education of patients regarding the catheter care. These findings show the complexities of nursing actions regarding the management of totally implanted catheters. In addition, the findings can be useful for professionals who do not work in oncology who may need to apply this knowledge in their clinical practice. Keywords: Catheterization, central venous; Maintenance; Nursing care RESUMO O cateter totalmente implantado é amplamente utilizado durante o tratamento de pacientes com câncer e é capaz de minimizar complicações decorrentes da terapia intravenosa periférica. Assim, buscou-se identificar os cuidados de enfermagem relacionados ao manuseio de cateter totalmente implantado nesses pacientes. Para tanto, realizou-se revisão integrativa da literatura que resultou na análise de 15 artigos. O conhecimento produzido está direcionado para o tempo de permanência do cateter, complicações inerentes ao uso, manuseio do dispositivo, percepção do paciente em relação ao cateter e informações ao paciente. Além de demonstrar a complexidade da assistência de enfermagem no manuseio desses dispositivos, os achados podem auxiliar, igualmente, os profissionais que não atuam em oncologia, na aplicação de conhecimentos na prática clínica. Descritores: Cateterismo venoso central; Manutenção; Cuidados de enfermagem RESUMENEl catéter totalmente implantado es ampliamente utilizado durante el tratamiento de pacientes con cáncer y es capaz de minimizar las complicaciones consecuentes de la terapia intravenosa periférica. Así, en este trabajo, se buscó identificar los cuidados de enfermería relacionados a la manipulación del catéter totalmente implantado en esos pacientes. Para tal efecto, se realizó una revisión integrativa de la literatura dando como resultado el análisis de 15 artículos. El conocimiento producido está orientado hacia el tiempo de permanencia del catetér, complicaciones inherentes al uso, manipulación del dispositivo, informaciones y percepción del paciente en relación al catéter. Aparte de demostrar la complejidad de la asistencia de enfermería en la manipulación de esos dispositivos, los hallazgos pueden auxiliar, igualmente, a los profesionales que no actúan en oncología, en la aplicación de conocimientos en la práctica clínica. INTRODUCTIONResearches on oncology have continuously evolved, and yet, surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the key treatment alternatives thus far. The m...