Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is the deliberate, self-inflicted destruction of body tissue without suicidal intent and an important clinical phenomenon. Rates of NSSI appear to be disproportionately high in adolescents and young adults, and is a risk factor for suicidal ideation and behavior. The present study reports the psychometric properties of the Impulse, Self-harm and Suicide Ideation Questionnaire for Adolescents (ISSIQ-A), a measure designed to comprehensively assess the impulsivity, NSSI behaviors and suicide ideation. An additional module of this questionnaire assesses the functions of NSSI. Results of Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) of the scale on 1722 youths showed item's suitability and confirmed a model of four different dimensions (Impulse, Self-harm, Risk-behavior and Suicide ideation) with good fit and validity. Further analysis showed that youth's engagement in self-harm may exert two different functions: to create or alleviate emotional states, and to influence one's social relationships. Our findings contribute to research and assessment on non-suicidal selfinjury, suggesting that the ISSIQ-A is a valid and reliable measure to assess impulse, self-harm and suicidal thoughts, in adolescence.
Breastfeeding motivates the promotion of breastfeeding, which is done through health education at an early stage, since prenatal care, being exclusive for six months. The objective of this research is to analyze, through scientific studies, how family factors and health education influence the lactating woman during the breastfeeding period. This work is a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory literature review. Studies show that emotional factors related to the mother, education levels and her own personality may induce her to give up breastfeeding early or may be poorly motivated to breastfeed. It is important to talk with parents and family members present in the context of the breastfeeding woman about the importance of forming the baby's affective bond through breastfeeding and that this is more intense between mother and baby when breastfeeding is maintained for longer. Therefore, the personal and economic experiences of this family must be considered, since this can facilitate or hinder the health education process. Thus, the lactating woman and the family must be listened to and concerns considered by health professionals. So, for women to have greater motivation to sustain breastfeeding, a combination of factors is needed, such as effective health education adapted to the family reality.
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