The abilities of children diagnosed with Obstetric Brachial Palsy (OBP) are limited by brachial plexus injuries. Thus, their participation in the community is hindered, which involves a lower quality of life due to worse performance in activities of daily living as a consequence of the functional limitations of the affected upper limb. Conventional Mirror Therapy (Conventional MT) and Virtual Therapy improve the affected upper limb functionality. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effects of Conventional MT and Virtual Reality MT on the spontaneous use of the affected upper limb and quality of life of children with upper Obstetric Brachial Palsy between 6 and 12 years of age. A randomized pilot study was performed. Twelve children were randomly assigned to perform Conventional Mirror Therapy or Virtual Reality Mirror Therapy for four weeks. Ten children completed the treatment. Two assessments (pre/post-intervention) were carried out to assess the spontaneous use of the affected upper limb and the quality of life using the Children’s Hand-use Experience Questionnaire (CHEQ) and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Generic Core Scales (PedsQL TM 4.0), respectively. There was a statistically significant increment in spontaneous use, observed in independent tasks (p = 0.02) and in the use of the affected hand with grasp (p = 0.04), measured with the CHEQ, for the Virtual Reality MT group. There were no statistically significant changes (p > 0.05) for the Conventional MT group in the spontaneous use of the affected upper limb. Regarding the quality of life, statistically significant changes were obtained in the Physical and Health activity categories of the parents’ questionnaire (p = 0.03) and in the total score of the children’s questionnaire (p = 0.04) in the Virtual Reality MT group, measured using the PedsQL TM 4.0. Statistically significant changes were not obtained for the quality of life in the Conventional MT group. This study suggests that, compared to Conventional MT, Virtual Reality MT would be a home-based therapeutic complement to increase independent bimanual tasks using grasp in the affected upper limb and improve the quality of life of children diagnosed with upper OBP in the age range of 6–12 years.

Background: Inappropriate posture in children while playing some string instruments can cause back pain and alterations of the spine. To date, there is no research on the effect of exercise on children who play a musical instrument, although it is known that transversus abdominis muscle control through the Pilates method has shown pain reduction and posture improvement in this population. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of the Pilates method combined with therapeutic exercise with respect to therapeutic exercise exclusively in reducing pain and improving postural alignment in children playing string instruments applying a protocol of low dose to increase children’s adherence to training. Methods: A randomized controlled pilot study was designed with two parallel intervention groups. Twenty-five children (10–14 years old) were randomized in two intervention groups: Pilates method with therapeutic exercise (experimental) and therapeutic exercise (control) for 4 weeks (50 min per day, one day per week). Two assessments were performed (before and after treatment) to assess back pain and shoulders and hips alignment using a visual analog scale and the Kinovea program. Results: Statistically significant differences were obtained for pain reduction before (p = 0.04) and after (p = 0.01) playing the instrument in the experimental group. There were no significant changes in alignment improvement in any of the two groups. Conclusion: The application of a low dose of the Pilates method combined with therapeutic exercise could be a beneficial intervention for pain reduction before and after musical practice in children who play string instruments.

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Relevance: It is well documented that when caring for children with Osteogeneses Imperfecta (OI), a skeletal dysplasia of which the most common feature is recurrent fractures with little trauma, a multidisciplinary collaborative working approach placing the child and their family at the centre of care is best practice. To achieve this Health Care Professionals (HCP's) need to acquire insight into the lived experience of having OI. This is challenging especially considering the variation in its presentation both within and across the different types, of which there are currently 18. As mothers are the main care giver, exploring their lived experience can offer HCP's insight into how they perceive and understand OI. This insight can aid the HCP's in forming collaborative working with the mother, positively influencing the child with OI's care.Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the phenomenon of a mothers lived experience of having a child with OI. The specific focus of the study was on the relationships each mother builds both within and outside the family unit and how these alongside her experience and perception of OI influenced her present and future expectations for her child.Methods/analysis: A qualitative methodology was employed. Eight mothers were purposefully sampled. The sample size was derived from previous qualitative research in the area of interest. Each mother completed a semi-structured interview, which was digitally recorded and transcribe verbatim. The transcripts were analysed using template analysis. Ethical approval was obtained from the School of Health and Related Research Ethics Committee at the University of Sheffield.Results: The analysis reviled four higher level themes: the multi-faceted role of mothers; a mother's comprehension of OI; a mother's relationship's and a mother's contemplation of the future. These four higher level themes were all permeated by the integrated theme of balance.Discussion and conclusions: Many the findings echoed research conducted in other long term paediatric conditions. However the need to decrease fracture risk seems to be unique to OI. To facilitate engagement the research suggests that HCP's should recognise how a mother's own perception of OI, established from the relationships she constructs, her own experiences and understanding of the condition, impacts on her expectations of her child. Influencing her engagement with HCP's and ultimately her child's health outcome. This study is trustworthy and creditable but lacks some transfer-