INTRODUCCIÓN Las úlceras por presión (UPP), aún en el si-glo XXI, siguen constituyendo una epide-mia viva, alarmante para nuestros servicios sanitarios, sociales y para toda nuestra so-ciedad del bienestar (1) y, por tanto, debe-rían considerarse como un problema de sa-lud de primer orden y que afecta a todo tipo de pacientes sin distinción social (2) y a to-dos los niveles asistenciales (3). Especial relevancia tienen en el contex-to de los cuidados críticos (UCI) donde la incidencia es muy elevada. Los primeros datos sobre incidencia en las UCI fueron publicados por Nancy Bergstrom en 1987 (4), donde puso de manifiesto la realidad del problema con una incidencia del 40%. Desde entonces, quizás el estudio más im-portante sobre la epidemiología en los Es-tados Unidos de América fue el desarrolla-do por Janet Cuddigan en 2001, y forma parte del documento Pressure ulcers in Ame-rica: prevalence, incidence and implications for the future, en el que se presentan datos epidemiológicos de las UPP en UCI. Las cifras de incidencia varian entre el 5,2% y RESUMEN Objetivos: identificar las escalas de valoración del riesgo de desarrollar úlceras por presión que han sido utilizadas en el contexto de los cuidados críticos. Determinar cuáles de ellas han sido validadas en función de los criterios de validez predictiva, capacidad predictiva y fiabilidad, elaborando, cuando sea posible, indicadores agregados. Métodos: revisión sistemática de la literatura científica. Se realizo una búsqueda en las 14 principales bases de datos bibliográficas internacionales de ciencias de la salud. Se incluyeron los estudios publicados entre 1962 y 2009, sin restricción idiomática, que fueran prospectivos, con pérdidas < 25%, con seguimiento sistemático y que aportaran datos de validez y/o capacidad predictiva y/o fiabilidad. Se ha excluido la literatura gris, los estudios de revisión, retrospectivos y transversales. La valoración de la calidad metodológica de los estudios se ha realizado mediante el Critical Appraisae Skills Programme (CASP). Los indicadores analizados han sido validez, magnitud de efecto (RR) y fiabilidad. Resultados: se han identificado un total de 255 artículos que identifican 16 escalas de valoración del riesgo diseñadas específicamente para las UCI. Existen 26 estudios que miden la validez de las mismas. Solo tres escalas tienen más de un estudio de validación (NM Bienstein, Cubbin-Jackson, Jackson-Cubbin). Cuatro escalas generalistas también han sido validadas en UCI (Braden, Norton, BM Song-Choi y Waterlow). NM Bienstein y Waterlow no son válidas por baja sensibilidad. Cubbin-Jackson, Jackson-Cubbin y Norton presentan datos muy similares de validez y capacidad predictiva, pero con muestra muy pequeña. Braden es la escala mejor testada en las UCI, con adecuados parámetros de validez y capacidad predictiva. Conclusiones: recomendamos el uso de la escala de Braden para valorar el riesgo de desarrollar úlceras por presión en las unidades de cuidados críticos. Otras escalas como 6. SUPLEMENTO HELCOS_GEROKOMOS 30/05/13 11:56 ...

The purpose of this Consensus Statement is to provide a global, collaborative, representative and inclusive vision for educating an interprofessional healthcare workforce that can deliver sustainable healthcare and promote planetary health. It is intended to inform national and global accreditation standards, planning and action at the institutional level as well as highlight the role of individuals in transforming health professions education. Many countries have agreed to 'rapid, far-reaching and unprecedented changes' to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 45% within 10 years and achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, including in healthcare. Currently, however, health professions graduates are not prepared for their roles in achieving these changes. Thus, to reduce emissions and meet the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), health professions education must equip undergraduates, and those already qualified, with the knowledge, skills, values, competence and confidence they need to sustainably promote the health, human rights and well-being of current and future generations, while protecting the health of the planet. The current imperative for action on environmental issues such as climate change requires health professionals to mobilize politically as they have before, becoming strong advocates for major environmental, social and economic change. A truly ethical relationship with people and the planet that we inhabit so precariously, and to guarantee a future for the generations which follow, demands nothing less of all health professionals. This Consensus Statement outlines the changes required in health professions education, approaches to achieve these changes and a timeline for action linked to the internationally agreed SDGs. It represents the collective vision of health professionals, educators and students from various health professions, geographic locations and cultures. 'Consensus' implies broad agreement amongst all individuals engaged in discussion on a specific issue, which in this instance, is agreement by all signatories of this Statement developed under the auspices of the Association for Medical Education in Europe (AMEE). To ensure a shared understanding and to accurately convey information, we outline key terms in a glossary which accompanies this Consensus Statement (Supplementary Appendix 1). We acknowledge, however, that terms evolve and that different terms resonate variably depending on factors such as setting and audience. We define education for sustainable healthcare as the process of equipping current and

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Students, professionals, and technical experts considered the materials to be very good quality, especially regarding the quality of contents, format, and design. For students, these materials can generate reflection and learning regarding environmental and health issues during nursing training.

BackgroundSexuality and reproduction are two areas that have been dealt with differently over time and across cultures. Immigrant women resident in Spain, are largely of childbearing age and have some specific needs. Female immigrants have specific beliefs and behaviors which may influence how they approach to the Spanish sexual and reproductive health services. There is less visibility of the health problems presented by women immigrants. This article aims to shed light on the sexual and reproductive health beliefs and experiences of female immigrants in a region of southern Spain.MethodsA descriptive study design with qualitative data collection and analysis methods were used. Data were collected through face-to-face in-depth interviews using a semi- structured interview guide that collected information on women’s perception and beliefs about their sexual and reproductive health. Thirteen interviews were conducted in 2013 with a multi-ethnic sample of female immigrants, currently all are residing in Andalusia. Interview topics included questions about awareness and beliefs about sexuality and reproduction. Content analysis was used.ResultsWe have found that female immigrant brings along all of her beliefs, opinions, attitudes and behaviors regarding sexuality, contraceptives, what is “correct” and what is not, etc. The sexual behavior is conditioned by the prevailing social rules of country of origin, and these rules act ambivalently. In general, knowledge of contraceptive methods was big, but there were perceptions that reproductive health was woman’s domain, due to gender norms and traditional family planning geared exclusively towards women.ConclusionResults suggest that women’s behavior is influenced by the precepts of their origin societies. Therefore, sexual and reproductive health processes should be adapted and incorporated into our society, with special attention being paid to the immigrant population.

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The family context and socialization of girls are based on a traditional division of gender roles in which the traditional role of the female caregiver is strongly internalized. The reasons for teenage pregnancy are unclear; pregnant adolescents lacked a sense of self-determination and felt that their lives were determined by circumstances.