Background: To consider the thoughts and actions of healthcare personnel in situations when an adverse prenatal diagnosis must be communicated, including appropriate strategies and skills to respond to information needs and to manage the emotional responses of patients. Methods: Descriptive qualitative study using non-participant observation and semi-structured interviews to analyse the discourses of physicians, midwives, nurses and nursing assistants who provide healthcare to obstetric patients. Results: There may be barriers to effective communication between healthcare personnel and patients, depending on the characteristics of the persons involved, the organisation of healthcare, biotechnological progress and cultural factors. Conclusions: The human quality of healthcare has deteriorated due to excessive workloads and to the growing role played by technology. In order to improve communication, more attention should be paid to human and spiritual dimensions, prioritising empathy, authenticity and non-judgmental listening. An appropriate model of clinical relationship should be based on shared decision making, clarifying the functions of the multidisciplinary team to alleviate a mother's suffering when a pregnancy is interrupted. To do so, protocols should be implemented to ensure the provision of comprehensive care, not only addressing biological issues but also providing psychosocial attention. Finally, training should be provided to healthcare staff to enhance their social skills and cultural competence. This study identifies potential improvements in the interventions made by healthcare personnel and in the organisation of the institution, concerning the attention provided to pregnant women when an adverse prenatal diagnosis must be communicated.
Students, professionals, and technical experts considered the materials to be very good quality, especially regarding the quality of contents, format, and design. For students, these materials can generate reflection and learning regarding environmental and health issues during nursing training.
BackgroundSexuality and reproduction are two areas that have been dealt with differently over time and across cultures. Immigrant women resident in Spain, are largely of childbearing age and have some specific needs. Female immigrants have specific beliefs and behaviors which may influence how they approach to the Spanish sexual and reproductive health services. There is less visibility of the health problems presented by women immigrants. This article aims to shed light on the sexual and reproductive health beliefs and experiences of female immigrants in a region of southern Spain.MethodsA descriptive study design with qualitative data collection and analysis methods were used. Data were collected through face-to-face in-depth interviews using a semi- structured interview guide that collected information on women’s perception and beliefs about their sexual and reproductive health. Thirteen interviews were conducted in 2013 with a multi-ethnic sample of female immigrants, currently all are residing in Andalusia. Interview topics included questions about awareness and beliefs about sexuality and reproduction. Content analysis was used.ResultsWe have found that female immigrant brings along all of her beliefs, opinions, attitudes and behaviors regarding sexuality, contraceptives, what is “correct” and what is not, etc. The sexual behavior is conditioned by the prevailing social rules of country of origin, and these rules act ambivalently. In general, knowledge of contraceptive methods was big, but there were perceptions that reproductive health was woman’s domain, due to gender norms and traditional family planning geared exclusively towards women.ConclusionResults suggest that women’s behavior is influenced by the precepts of their origin societies. Therefore, sexual and reproductive health processes should be adapted and incorporated into our society, with special attention being paid to the immigrant population.
The family context and socialization of girls are based on a traditional division of gender roles in which the traditional role of the female caregiver is strongly internalized. The reasons for teenage pregnancy are unclear; pregnant adolescents lacked a sense of self-determination and felt that their lives were determined by circumstances.
LA SALUD Y SUS DETERMINANTES SOCIALES resumenEl concepto de salud ha experimentado un proceso de revisión constante. Desde mediados del siglo XX se ha producido un desplazamiento desde la búsqueda de las causas de la enfermedad centradas en el individuo a la aparición de los determinantes sociales, los principales moduladores del fenómeno salud y la enfermedad. Hoy sabemos que la salud y la calidad de vida son un resultado social directamente relacionado con las condiciones generales de la vida de las personas y con la forma de vivir; en este sentido se han hecho notables esfuerzos en las últimas décadas para comprender cómo interactúan los determinantes sociales y se producen los resultados en salud. Analizamos las aportaciones que han conseguido poner de manifiesto los principales factores generadores de las desigualdades sociales incluyendo un análisis de las desigualdades en salud de las mujeres, la vulnerabilidad y el riesgo de exclusión. PAlAbrAs clAveDesigualdades en salud; Determinantes sociales de la salud; Exclusión social; Promoción de la salud; Salud. AbstrActThe health concept has undergone a process of constant revision. From the mid-twentieth century it has taken place a shift from the search for the causes of the disease focused on the individual to the emergence of health social determinants that are the main modulators of the health and disease processes. Today we know that health and quality of life are a social result directly related to the conditions of people´s life and way of life. In this sense it has been made significant efforts to understand how they interact with the social determinants and how health outcomes occur. We analyzed the contributions that have succeeded in highlighting the main factors of social inequalities including an analysis of inequalities in women's health, vulnerability and risk of exclusion.
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