There is insufficient evidence to recommend any one particular protocol for endometrial preparation over another with regard to pregnancy rates after embryo transfers. These were either frozen embryos or embryos derived from donor oocytes. However, there is evidence of a lower pregnancy rate and a higher cycle cancellation rate when the progesterone supplementation is commenced prior to oocyte retrieval in oocyte donation cycles. Adequately powered studies are needed to evaluate each treatment more accurately.

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GnRH agonists appear to have a direct effect in endometrial cells cultures, by enhancing the percentage of apoptotic cells and decreasing the release of pro-mitogenic cytokines such as IL-1beta and VEGF.

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This study suggests a direct effect of celecoxib on reduction of endometrial growth and supports further research on selective COX-2 inhibition as a novel therapeutic modality in endometriosis.

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Editorial group: Cochrane Gynaecology and Fertility Group. Publication status and date: New search for studies and content updated (conclusions changed), published in Issue 10, 2020.