O estudo avaliou prevalência bacteriana em componentes utilizados na Radiologia Odontológica e testou a eficácia de três substâncias desinfetantes. Foram avaliadas quatro superfícies em quatro clínicas (cilindro localizador, avental de chumbo, disparador de raios X e câmara escura), sendo testados: álcool 70%, hipoclorito de sódio 2,5% e ácido peracético 0,2%. Foram utilizados os métodos bioquímicos de identificação. Em 91,7% das superfícies analisa¬das, houve contaminação bacteriana, sendo Staphylococcus o gênero mais prevalente, seguido dos bacilos gram-positivos. O hipoclorito de sódio 2,5% e o ácido peracético 0,2% reduziram a contaminação bacteriana de 93,8% para 6,3%, enquanto o álcool 70% reduziu de 87,5% para 56,3%, após o seu uso.

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Increasing evidence indicates bidirectional communication occurs between the gut and the brain via the microbiome-gut-brain axis. Accordingly, several studies point to a positive effect of probiotics on depressive symptomatology. Our study aimed to provide an updated meta-analysis on the subject. We conducted a systematic search for randomized clinical trials in multiple databases. Data analysis was performed using the Review Manager 5.4. We reviewed 26 studies, totaling 2,170 participants. The use of probiotics had a significant effect in reducing depressive symptoms (SMD: - 0.22; 95% CI: - 0.30 to - 0.13; p < 0.0001) compared to placebo. Subgroup analyses showed that probiotics influenced outcomes in participants with depression (SMD: - 0.67; 95% CI: - 0.93 to - 0.41; p < 0.00001) and with other clinical diagnoses (SMD: - 0.23; 95% CI: - 0.36 to - 0.09; p = 0.0008) but not healthy participants (SMD: - 0.11; 95% CI: - 0.23 to 0.02; p = 0.100). The use of probiotics can be a promising approach in improving the treatment of depression. It is important to conduct further studies to better assess the efficacy of probiotic as an adjuvant treatment to antidepressant medications, as well as their most effective dosages.

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The aim of this study was verify the efficacy and influence of antiseptic agents on the degree of bacteriological contamination of the hands, after pre-surgical hygiene without rinsing, using the products recommended by WHO. Samples were collected from 22 volunteers. The level of bacterial contamination was obtained from finger and thumb of the dominant hand of each participant before and after hygiene. The groups were distributed according to the formulations recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO): 1-who ethyl-hygiene with whom formulation the basis of ethyl alcohol; 2-who isopropyl-hygiene with who formulations of isopropyl alcohol. Both groups promoted significant reduction in the degree of bacteriological contamination after the hygiene of the hands (Anova/Tukey; F-crit=4.3512, f=5.5806, p=0.02840). The WHO isopropyl group provided a reduction of the bacteriological load of the order of 53.02%, while the ethyl OMS obtained the value of 39.45%, statistically different values between each other (Anova/Tukey; F-crit=4.3512; f =78.218; p=0.0111). The surgical hand hygiene using the WHO formulations were effective in reducing microorganisms. Isopropyl alcohol showed better results than ethyl alcohol in surgical hand hygiene without rinsing.

As infecções por Clostridioides difficile (CDI) aumentaram em gravidade e incidência durante a última década. O câncer predispõe os pacientes à CDI, devido à maior exposição aos fatores de risco. O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar a prevalência, resposta clínica, desfecho, descrever os fatores de risco estabelecidos na literatura em pacientes oncológicos com CDI. O estudo foi realizado em dois serviços de referência em oncologia de Recife/PE e envolveu pessoas com idade ≥18 anos, que apresentaram o quadro de diarreia após 48horas da admissão hospitalar, no período de novembro/2017 a agosto/2019.  Para o diagnóstico de CDI  foi utilizado o exame Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real (qRT-PCR). Um total de 156 pacientes foram incluídos, a CDI foi identificada em 7,05% (11/156) dos pacientes estudados, todos isolados foram rastreados e amplificados por qRT-PCR quanto à presença dos genes que codificam as toxinas A e B (tcdA e tcdB), toxina binária (cdtA) e triose fosfato isomerase (tpi). O câncer de mama 27,3% (3/11) e a leucemia linfóide aguda 18,2% (2/11) foram os cânceres mais frequentes; 90,9% (10/11) fizeram uso de antibióticos e 63,6% (7/11) dos casos evoluíram para óbito. Apesar de utilizar a técnica qRT-PCR, que é a mais sensível e específica, a prevalência de CDI foi baixa 7,05% (11/156), não houve registros de casos de CDI graves, sendo a maioria dos casos leves, o que sugere uma circulação de cepas com baixa virulência que determinam menor morbidade e mortalidade.

Introduction: Knowledge about the morphological characteristics of facial masks/respirators and their relationship with the possibility of interaction with respiratory droplets in the COVID-19 pandemic is fundamental in dental healthcare settings. Aim: This study evaluated interfibrillar gaps of cloth mask, surgical mask and Filtering Face Piece 2 (FFP 2) respirator through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) in order to perform a graphic simulation of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) respiratory droplets in the gaps among mask fibres. Materials and Methods: A fragment (1 cm2) of the cloth mask were used to perform a SEM analysis. The distance among fibres was determined by Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS). Graphic simulation of droplets with different sizes (0.5 μm; 5.7 μm; 12 μm) was performed by an image editing program (Adobe Illustrator). Results: The image analysis showed that average distance among the fibres was 67.91 μm (cloth mask), 11.72 μm (surgical mask), 11.97 μm (respirator FFP2). Superimposition of masks layers resulted in no gaps between FFP2 fibres. Surgical mask exhibited openings between fibres in 1.43% of the studied total area. The cloth mask showed large gaps, in which it would be possible to transpose more than 680 million droplets (5.75 μm). Conclusion: FFP2 respirator showed no spaces among fibres after superimposition of structural layers, which would promote the blockage of the graphic simulation of SARS-CoV-2 droplets.

Objective: It was evaluated the influence of pre-procedural rinse with mouthwash with chlorhexidine (0.12%) on the degree of air contamination in a dental clinic. Methods: The sample consisted of 21 patients with periodontal disease were randomly divided into three groups: pre-procedural mouthwash Absence (Control); pre-procedural rinse mouthwash with distilled water (Water) and pre-procedural rinse with mouthwash with chlorhexidine base 0.12% (Chlorhexidine). It was conducted basic periodontal treatment using ultrassonic device. The microbial load generated during the service was captured by sedimentation plates with half Agar Blood culture (AS), exposed for a time of 10 minutes. The boards remained in an oven at 37°C for 48h. It held the count of colony forming units (cfu/cm²). Results: By applying Kruskal-Wallis test, there was a statistically significant difference between groups. Dunn's test for multiple comparisons revealed that the Control group average showed a statistically significant difference compared to the others. Conclusion: Prior mouthwash dental care (chlorhexidine-based 0.12% and distilled water) influenced air contamination, being effective in reducing the amount of microorganisms present in the aerosol generated by dental procedures with ultrasonic device. Clinical relevance: Proven spread of contaminants in the air through aerosols and their reduction with the prior mouthwash dental care, it is suggested that this measure is routinely adopted to reduce the risk of cross-infection.