Urban roads are venues of social interaction where many actors try to accomplish their transportation-related individual goals. It has been demonstrated that when individuals act with scarce contextual information they offer resistance to one another's programs of action hindering coordination. In this work we address the problem of smart networked bicycles assisting cyclist coordination. Coordination is based on vehicular communications together with a cooperative adaptive cruise control. We propose to combine effective dissemination mechanisms in mesh-networks, a platoon cooperation logic, and a novel cyclist-bicycle interface to adapt the behaviour of cyclists while driving. Initial simulations and experimental results demonstrate that our cooperation mechanism helps cyclists achieve individual and collective goals, such as moving fluidly at the best possible speed while maintaining a safe distance to other cyclists
A 66-year-old female patient with a past medical history of obesity and ORBERA @ intragastric balloon placement presented with Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) features without social history of alcoholism. The patient was subjected to ORBERA @ balloon bariatric procedure in Egypt and subsequently developed episodes of uncontrolled emesis which prompted removal of the intragastric balloon placement one month later. Two weeks after removal of the intragastric balloon placement, vomiting still persisted. Patient suddenly developed altered mental status and weakness which prompted admission to our hospital. Initial clinical examination was largely inconclusive, bilateral horizontal nystagmus was noted after subsequent days. A tentatively diagnosis of WE was made based on clinical presentation and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan results; vitamin B1 (thiamine) levels were ordered but were still pending. Empiric treatment with vitamin B1 infusion was initiated which resulted in improvement of both motor function and cognitive functions. Patient was given 200 mg IV TID for 8 days, then 100 mg po for 6 months. Patient was also started on folic acid and vitamin B12. WE diagnosis was supported one week later after lab results showed low vitamin B1 level (21 nmol/L). The patient was sent to rehabilitation center for 6 weeks then was able to be discharged home with a 6-month supply of vitamin B1 supplements. On discharge, memory deficits, loss of appetite and docility were noted.
Vehicles on the road with some common interests can cooperatively form a platoon-based driving pattern, in which a vehicle follows another one and maintains a small and nearly constant distance to the preceding vehicle. It has been proved that, compared to driving individually, such a platoon-based driving pattern can significantly improve the road capacity and energy efficiency. Moreover, with the emerging vehicular adhoc network (VANET), the performance of platoon in terms of road capacity, safety and energy efficiency, etc., can be further improved. On the other hand, the physical dynamics of vehicles inside the platoon can also affect the performance of VANET. Such a complex system can be considered as a platoon-based vehicular cyber-physical system (VCPS), which has attracted significant attention recently. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey on platoon-based VCPS. We first review the related work of platoon-based VCPS. We then introduce two elementary techniques involved in platoon-based VCPS: the vehicular networking architecture and standards, and traffic dynamics, respectively. We further discuss the fundamental issues in platoon-based VCPS, including vehicle platooning/clustering, cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC), platoon-based vehicular communications, etc., and all of which are characterized by the tight coupled relationship between traffic dynamics and VANET behaviors. Since system verification is critical to VCPS development, we also give an overview of VCPS simulation tools. Finally, we share our view on some open issues that may lead to new research directions.
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