Para explicar a proliferação de organizações internacionais sub-regionais nas Américas após o fim da Guerra Fria, é necessário estudar as propostas dessas organizações, seus objetivos (integração ou cooperação política) e o lugar delas nas estratégias de política externa dos principais atores do Hemisfério, incluindo a forma como elas estão construindo suas relações com o novo sistema mundial. Uma análise das ações recíprocas entre antigas e novas organizações regionais e sub-regionais (levando em conta suas propostas, recursos e capacidades para coordenação política), do alcance de seus mandatos e do lugar que elas podem ter perante as instituições internacionais e poderes extra-hemisférios iluminará a nova estrutura do multilateralismo nas Américas.
La demanda relacionada al multiculturalismo ha alcanzado importancia en el debate sobre dibujos animados. Tal proceso se replica en Chile, mediante la importación de un concepto de multiculturalidad que este artículo discute. Se esboza un concepto de violencia cultural ejercido discursivamente a través de la representación de la diferencia.
In a world increasingly saturated with images, the visual aesthetic dimension should play a more important role in the educational processes. Furthermore, classroom walls could be considered valuable resources to introduce visual literacy among children and teachers. However, Chilean educational policies tend not to pay much attention to visual culture in the classroom. Hence, the selection of visual images displayed on classroom walls as well as the way they are exhibited should be more carefully thought through. Under the assumption that visual resources are pedagogically significant elements, the present investigation examined the images displayed on the classroom walls of the first year of primary schools in the district of Peñalolén in Santiago, Chile. We present a comparative analysis of visual environments found in different administrative types of schools (municipal, subsidised and fully private schools), using a qualitative method, as well as a quantification of the sample schools. The analysis shows that inequality between types of schools reproduces in images, favouring private schools in aspects such as the degree of planning of the visual environment, student participation in terms of production, the aesthetic quality of the images and its iconographic variety.
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