Introduction: There is controversy in medical literature regarding the use of electromagnetic fields to promote bone healing. Methods: After designing and building devices capable of generating an electromagnetic field for this study, their safety was confirmed and the electromagnetic therapy was randomly allocated and compared to placebo in patients with fracture of the femoral diaphysis. Treatment began six weeks after the fracture and it was administered once a day, during 1 h, for eight consecutive weeks. Twenty devices were built, 10 of which were placebo-devices. Between June 2008 and October 2009, 64 patients were randomized in two different hospitals and were followed for 24 weeks. The mean age was 30 years (18-59) and 81% were males. Results: Healing observed at week 12 was 75% vs. 58% (p= 0.1); at week 18, it was 94% vs. 80% (p= 0.15); and at week 24, it was 94% vs. 87% (p= 0.43) for the device group and the placebo group, respectively. Discussion: This study suggests that an electromagnetic field stimulus can promote earlier bone healing compared to placebo in femoral diaphyseal fractures. Faster bone healing translates into sooner weight bearing, which – in turn – permits quicker return to normal daily activities.
This paper presents the cellular proliferation effects of the exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) on in-vitro cellular cultures HeLa and CHO. Through the magnetic stimulation system (MSS) the cells were exposed to magnetic fields with sinusoidal waveform at 50 Hz; initially for 40 minutes at intensities of 0.4 mT, 1.4 mT, 2.13 mT, 2.49 mT and 2.53 mT in parallel and perpendicular directions to the culture plates. Subsequently, the repetitive electromagnetic field (rEMF) was applied to 2.49 mT in parallel direction (for 40 minutes every twelve hours during 4 days) with which the highest cellular proliferation rate was obtained at 66.6 %. The results show a greater effect on proliferation in radiated cell lines, particularly in the application of rEMF a greater effect of ELF-EMF was observed in the proliferation rate of HeLa cells than in CHO cells, in contrast to the respective control cells. These results supported by other studies serve as a reference in the search for alternatives for the treatment of cervical cancer and the maintenance and preservation of cell lines.
ResumenSe presenta una metodología de diseño e implementación de un sistema para generación de campos magnéticos uniformes de baja magnitud y frecuencia, sobre un volumen específico utilizando una bobina Helmholtz cuadrada tri-axial. El procedimiento de diseño se basa en conceptos teóricos y simulaciones a partir de expresiones matemáticas simples que relacionan el área, con campo magnético uniforme, con la longitud de las bobinas. Además, se construye el modelo computacional y se simula usando software de elementos finitos. Se observa que los resultados teóricos son consistentes con los resultados del modelo de simulación y las pruebas mediante medición de campo magnético. Se concluye que la metodología de diseño permite establecer un procedimiento simplificado y repetible, para obtener campo magnético uniforme en un volumen de trabajo adecuado para realizar estudios in-vitro o in-vivo. Palabras clave: bobina Helmholtz, campo magnético, elementos finitos, estudios in vitro A Design and Implementation Methodology of a System to Generate Uniform Magnetic Field Volume with Tri-axial Square Helmholtz Coils AbstractThe design and implementation methodology of a system to generate low-magnitude and low-frequency uniform magnetic fields on a specific volume using a tri-axial square Helmholtz coil is presented. The designing procedure is based on theoretical concepts and simulations from simple mathematical expressions that relate the area, with uniform magnetic field, with the length of the coils. Also, the computational model is constructed and simulated using finite element software. It is observed that theoretical results are consistent with simulation model results and the magnetic field measurement tests. It is concluded that the design methodology allows establishing a simplified and repeatable procedure to obtain a uniform magnetic field in the volume of interest suitable for in-vitro or in-vivo studies.
ResumenEn este artículo se presenta una metodología de medición del campo electromagnético producido por instalaciones de radio y telecomunicaciones y se presentan los resultados obtenidos en la evaluación de 50 sitios en la ciudad de Cali-Colombia. Este trabajo se originó por la preocupación pública causada por la proliferación de estaciones base de telefonía celular en el ámbito urbano y por los temores acerca de los posibles efectos nocivos de los campos electromagnéticos en la salud. La evaluación de los sitios se realizó con el propósito de conocer y cuantificar los niveles de campo electromagnético existentes en el medio ambiente de la ciudad. En general, los valores encontrados fueron inferiores al 0.5% del límite establecido por la Comisión Internacional para la Protección de las Radiaciones No Ionizantes, ICNIRP (0.2 mW/cm 2 ). Sin embargo, en dos casos los niveles encontrados superaron dicho límite. Palabras clave: campo electromagnético, estaciones base, telefonía celular, medición Electromagnetic Field Measurement in the City of Cali, Colombia AbstractThis paper shows a measurement methodology of the electromagnetic field produced by radio and telecommunications installations and presents results obtained in the evaluation of 50 measurement sites in the city of Cali in Colombia. This work was done because people's concern about proliferation of radio base stations in urban areas, and their fear about the possible dangerous effects of the electromagnetic fields on human health. The evaluation was carried out to determine and quantify the levels of electromagnetic field that exist in the environment of the city. In general, the values found were lower than 0.5% of the limit established by the International Commission for Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, ICNIRP (0.2 mW/cm 2 ). However, in two sites the measured values exceeded this limit.
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