There is no expectation to suppress all accidents in the outdoor recreation sector; nevertheless, it is expected that all possible safety measures are taken in order to minimize the risk of accidents. The objective of this study was to systematize the knowledge regarding recommended and used safety measures and risk assessments for technicians and outdoor recreation practitioners. We conducted a systematic review on PubMed, BVS, SciELO, Science Direct, ABI/INFORM, Spinger, Web of Knowledge, and Esmerald full text databases, up to February 2021. The eligible criteria followed the PICOS strategy; the included risk assessment studies on outdoor recreation (according to its definition) had methodological quality, were indexed, and peer reviewed. Ten studies, from ten countries, fulfilled these specifications, which focused on different approaches. Five studies focused on risk perception, four studies focused on safety practices, injuries, and risk assessment; three studies addressed safe behaviors; two studies addressed equipment- and risk matrix-related themes. We concluded that there was a concern for this topic, and the 28 mentioned measures could provide important information regarding health and prevention. These measures could be used to develop safety strategies and risk reduction, aimed at reducing accidents in outdoor recreation activities. In order to evaluate the pertinence and importance of the mentioned measures, namely risk perception, safe practices, sport injuries, risk analysis, safe behaviors, as well as equipment and risk assessment matrices, further investigation is needed using experimental or observational designs. These strategies and procedures can contribute to enhanced interventions by technicians with higher security and quality, and therefore, improved well-being and satisfaction of practitioners.
El desarrollo y crecimiento del turismo ha llevado al aumento de la práctica de los deportes en la naturaleza y aventura, con un riesgo asociado. En este estudio de revisión sistemática, se objetivó investigar el conocimiento producido en la última década, referente al tema de la seguridad y gestión del riesgo en los deportes de naturaleza y aventura. Utilizamos las siguientes fuentes: bases de datos electrónicas (web of knowledge, b-on, rcaap), y disertaciones. Las palabras clave utilizadas fueron: "Riesgo"; "Riesgo en las actividades al aire libre"; "Riesgo en el deporte aventura"; "Riesgo en el deporte de aire libre"; "Seguridad y gestión del riesgo en el deporte"; "Seguridad en las actividades de aventura" "Seguridad y gestión del riesgo en el deporte aventura. De las 40 producciones científicas listadas, sólo 33 atendían a los criterios de inclusión: estudios empíricos de los últimos 10 años, referentes a disertaciones académicas, artículos científicos o libros. Resultaron en 33 producciones seleccionadas, comprendiendo 17 estudios internacionales y 16 nacionales. The development and growth of tourism has increased the practice of nature and adventure sports, which is directly correlated to the risk inherent to the unpredictability of the environment and human reliance. In this exploratory systematic review, we set out to search for insight attained in the last decade, regarding safety and risk management in outdoor sports. We use the following sources: electronic databases (web of knowledge, b-on, rcaap), plus master’s and doctoral dissertations. The keywords used in our research were, in Portuguese, English and French: “Risk”; “Safety and risk management sport”; “Safety and risk management in adventure sports”; “Risk in outdoor activities”; “Risk in adventure sports”; “Safety in adventure activities”. From the 40 articles selected, only 33 attended to the necessary criteria: empirical studies of the past 10 years, pertaining academic dissertations, scientific articles or books. It resulted in 33 selected readings, comprising 17 international studies and 16 national.
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