Seguridad y gestión del riesgo en el deporte al aire libre - revisión sistemática exploratoria

Abstract

El desarrollo y crecimiento del turismo ha llevado al aumento de la práctica de los deportes en la naturaleza y aventura, con un riesgo asociado. En este estudio de revisión sistemática, se objetivó investigar el conocimiento producido en la última década, referente al tema de la seguridad y gestión del riesgo en los deportes de naturaleza y aventura. Utilizamos las siguientes fuentes: bases de datos electrónicas (web of knowledge, b-on, rcaap), y disertaciones. Las palabras clave utilizadas fueron: "Riesgo"; "Riesgo en las actividades al aire libre"; "Riesgo en el deporte aventura"; "Riesgo en el deporte de aire libre"; "Seguridad y gestión del riesgo en el deporte"; "Seguridad en las actividades de aventura" "Seguridad y gestión del riesgo en el deporte aventura. De las 40 producciones científicas listadas, sólo 33 atendían a los criterios de inclusión: estudios empíricos de los últimos 10 años, referentes a disertaciones académicas, artículos científicos o libros. Resultaron en 33 producciones seleccionadas, comprendiendo 17 estudios internacionales y 16 nacionales. The development and growth of tourism has increased the practice of nature and adventure sports, which is directly correlated to the risk inherent to the unpredictability of the environment and human reliance. In this exploratory systematic review, we set out to search for insight attained in the last decade, regarding safety and risk management in outdoor sports. We use the following sources: electronic databases (web of knowledge, b-on, rcaap), plus master’s and doctoral dissertations. The keywords used in our research were, in Portuguese, English and French: “Risk”; “Safety and risk management sport”; “Safety and risk management in adventure sports”; “Risk in outdoor activities”; “Risk in adventure sports”; “Safety in adventure activities”. From the 40 articles selected, only 33 attended to the necessary criteria: empirical studies of the past 10 years, pertaining academic dissertations, scientific articles or books. It resulted in 33 selected readings, comprising 17 international studies and 16 national.

Safety Measures and Risk Analysis for Outdoor Recreation Technicians and Practitioners: A Systematic Review

“…There is no consensus about a designation name for nature-based sports; a number of names have been assumed such as adventure tourism, outdoor or radical sports, outdoor sports, outdoor recreation, or adventure recreation [6,58]. Among the studies analyzed in this review, there is general consensus that these activities benefit from a high popularity, with increased interest from participants and people, since they are characterized by contact with nature, and surroundings that provide strong emotions, adrenaline, and constantly overcoming fear [6,[84][85][86][87].…”

“…This kind of language is widely embedded in those who practice these adventure sports assuming some calculated risk [59]. These adventure sports can lead practitioners to talk about their feelings of exploration of different environments such as land, water, and air [6].…”

“…It is considered that risk acts as a stimulus and a source of pleasurable feelings for the individuals involved or drawn to these adventure activities. In addition, there are more and more concerns regarding safety issues associated with participation in these adventure activities, due associated risks such as falls, slips, drowning, and other dangers related to the activities [6].…”

“…There is a need to understand how technicians perceive outdoor sport activities and in what ways are they prepared to discuss and create prevention and emergency plans, prior, during, and after the activity. These are the factors that may provide more or less safety for the practitioners [6].…”

“…This information would provide the basis for developing effective solutions to address outdoor recreation and tourism risks. Mata and Carvalhinho [6] was concerned about practitioners' and technicians' understanding of the associated risks of these activities. Therefore, the objective of our analysis was to investigate safety measures and risk assessment of outdoor recreation activities for practitioners and technicians.…”