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In Mendoza, little is known about the olive germplasm, and even though there is a collection, studies about characterization and evaluation are scarce. The aims of this work were to make a morpho-agronomic characterization of the Mendoza olive collection and to identify locally adapted accessions with a good aptitude for oil production. Quantitative traits were measured in pit, fruit, inflorescence, and leave samples, and oil content, flowering and maturity days were also measured. In order to group the genetic material and evaluate the phenotypic variability, descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, and principal components analysis were used. The 61 accessions were grouped in 12 clusters based on the multivariate analysis of 19 traits. The collection featured phenotypic variability for all the studied traits, especially for the fruit fresh weight, pulp-pit ratio, and oil content on fresh weight basis. Seventeen accessions suitable for oil production were selected, seven of which could also be used for table.

Effect of regulated deficit irrigation during the vegetative growth period on shoot elongation and oil yield components in olive hedgerows (cv. Arbosana) pruned annually on alternate sides in San Juan, Argentina

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A major concern for olive cultivation in many extra-Mediterranean regions is the adaptation of recently introduced cultivars to environmental conditions different from those prevailing in the original area, such as the Mediterranean basin. Some of these cultivars can easily adapt their physiological and biochemical parameters in new agro-environments, whereas others show unbalanced values of oleic acid content. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the thermal regime during oil synthesis on the expression of fatty acid desaturase genes and on the unsaturated fatty acid contents at the field level. Two cultivars (Arbequina and Coratina) were included in the analysis over a wide latitudinal gradient in Argentina. The results suggest that the thermal regime exerts a regulatory effect at the transcriptional level on both OeSAD2 and OeFAD2-2 genes and that this regulation is cultivar-dependent. It was also observed that the accumulated thermal time affects gene expression and the contents of oleic and linoleic acids in cv. Arbequina more than in Coratina. The fatty acid composition of cv. Arbequina is more influenced by the temperature regime than Coratina, suggesting its greater plasticity. Overall, findings from this study may drive future strategies for olive spreading towards areas with different or extreme thermal regimes serve as guidance for the evaluation olive varietal patrimony.

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