No abstract

Although oxygen, nitrogen, and chlorine reactive species have been associated with disease pathogenesis, their partial absence is very harmful to the body's innate immune defense. Lacking of adequate release of free radicals from activated phagocytes is related to impaired ability on fungi, bacteria, and protozoa killing. We constructed an updated conceptual landmark regarding the paramount role of free radicals in phagocyte defense systems (phagocyte oxidase, myeloperoxidase, and nitric oxide/peroxynitrite system) on natural immunity. Diverse fungal, bacterial and protozoal pathogens evade the phagocytes' oxidative/nitrosative burst though antioxidant genes, enzymes and proteins. The most important evasion mechanisms were also described and discussed. These interconnected systems were reviewed and discussed on the basis of knowledge from relevant research groups around the globe. Phagocyte-derived free radicals are essential to destroy important human pathogens during the course of innate immunity.

Background The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of hand paresthesias (HP) and their relationship with pruning activities. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 537 workers pruning grapevines in the region of Champagne. All workers completed a questionnaire about nocturnal HP and musculoskeletal pain during the preceding 12-month period.Results The 12-month prevalence of nocturnal HP and hand-wrist pain were 37 and 12%, respectively. HP, predominantly affecting the dominant hand, only began during the pruning period and ended after the pruning season in 90% of cases. HP were transient in most cases, with a mean duration of symptoms of 3.3 AE 3. Conclusions The development of HP, which affected a third of employees, was different from HP observed in industrial workers since most vineyard workers recovered without medical treatment after the pruning season.

Introduction 3. Epidemiological aspects 4. Atheroprotective effect of constituents of Brazil nuts 4.1. Dietary intake of Brazil nuts and protection against atherosclerosis 4.2. Dietary fiber and atherosclerosis 4.3. The atheroprotective effect of micronutrients of Brazil nuts 4.3.1. Magnesium (Mg) 4.3.2. Selenium (Se) 4.4. Arginine and other amino acids 4.5. Fatty acids, phytosterols, and sphingolipids 4.6. Tocopherols 4.7. Polyphenols 5. Summary and perspectives 6. Acknowledgements 7. References Atheroprotective effects of Brazil nuts 39© 1996-2020 from the neighborhood states, the so-called Legal Amazon, tend to have a lower concentration of this microelement (2,3). The objective of this review is to update the relationship of dietary intake of Brazil nuts and the mechanistic role of their bioactive compounds against atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTSThe two oldest studies regarding nuts, recorded in the MEDLINE, are descriptions of Trapa bispinosa and Anacardium occidentale, respectively published in 1927 and 1930 (4,5). Fraser et al. (6) developed the Adventist Health Study and reported that dietary intake of nuts (5 times per week) was associated with a 48% decrease in the risk of mortality from coronary heart disease (6). Six years later, the Nurses' Health Study found that regular intake of nuts diminished the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and non-fatal myocardial infarction (7). The PREDIMED study, a Spanish cohort study covering 7,216 men and women, concluded that frequent consumption of Brazil nut (>3 servings per week) reduced overall, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality (8). In some populations, intake of Brazil nuts is frequent (9). Some studies suggested an association between dietary intake of nuts and decreased risk of other cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and possibly type 2 diabetes mellitus (10-12). ATHEROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF CONSTITUENTS OF BRAZIL NUTSBrazil nuts are considered very nutritious, since they contain considerable amounts of fiber, macronutrients, micronutrients and bioactive compounds, such as phytosterols, phenolics, and flavonoids (1,13,14). Antioxidant activity Increased expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor (Nrf2) Decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS) Decrease in reactive nitrogen species Decrease in lipid peroxidation Decrease in DNA peroxidation Decrease in LDL peroxidation Anti-inflammatory activity Decrease in the blood levels of IL-1, IL-6, INF-γ, TNF-α Decrease in vascular inflammation Antidiabetic activity Decrease in blood glucose level Decrease in pancreatic load Anti-atherosclerosis activity Decrease in formation of macrophage foam cells Decrease in atherogenesis Decrease in total amount of cholesterol, triglycerides, and apolipoprotein-A in the blood Improves blood viscosity

Escopo e Objetivos: estudar as causas de internação hospitalar é uma forma de conhecer o perfil de morbi-mortalidade de uma população. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as causas de internação hospitalar entre adultos num hospital municipal da Amazônia Legal, MT. Metodologia: Foram analisados 400 prontuários de pacientes internados de 19 a 59 anos de idade. Resultados: Houve predominância do gênero masculino, jovem, internado para procedimentos cirúrgicos (64,3%), prevalecendo como causa de internação os acidentes e causas externas. Ademais, houve o uso em média de 4,1 medicamentos por prescrição, caracterizando polifarmácia o que não é recomendado pela OMS. Conclusões: neste hospital os principais casos de internação de adultos, do gênero masculino, foram internados para cirurgia e acometidos por causas externas, o que revela falhas na prevenção primária a acidentes de trânsito e outras causas externas.           Palavras-chave: hospitalização; adultos; prescrições de medicamentos