Recollection is currently modeled as a univariate retrieval process in which memory probes provoke conscious awareness of contextual details of earlier target presentations. However, that conception cannot explain why some manipulations that increase recollection in recognition experiments suppress false memory in false memory experiments, whereas others increase false memory. Such contrasting effects can be explained if recollection is bivariate-if memory probes can provoke conscious awareness of target items per se, separately from awareness of contextual details, with false memory being suppressed by the former but increased by the latter. Interestingly, these 2 conceptions of recollection have coexisted for some time in different segments of the memory literature. Independent support for the dual-recollection hypothesis is provided by some surprising effects that it predicts, such as release from recollection rejection, false persistence, negative relations between false alarm rates and target remember/know judgments, and recollection without remembering. We implemented the hypothesis in 3 bivariate recollection models, which differ in the degree to which recollection is treated as a discrete or a graded process: a pure multinomial model, a pure signal detection model, and a mixed multinomial/signal detection model. The models were applied to a large corpus of conjoint recognition data, with fits being satisfactory when both recollection processes were present and unsatisfactory when either was deleted. Factor analyses of the models' parameter spaces showed that target and context recollection never loaded on a common factor, and the 3 models converged on the same process loci for the effects of important experimental manipulations. Thus, a variety of results were consistent with bivariate recollection. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved).

Competitive pressures in the global manufacturing environment are forcing manufacturing organizations to re‐engineer in order to become more competitive in the marketplace. Toward that end, management of these organizations is paying closer attention to the changing nature of manufacturing performance, and the systems, processes and measures used in its evaluation. Examines the literature concerned with issues related to the different facets of manufacturing organizational performance. Reviews and classifies articles published in relevant journals between 1988 and 2000. Based on this extensive literature review, identifies and discusses several issues relevant to both practice and theory of manufacturing performance measurement. Concludes by presenting a conceptual framework outlining the evolution of manufacturing performance measures and measurement in an organizational context.

The objective of this paper is twofold. First, to identify service quality dimensions related to airports. Second, to examine the effects of those dimensions on passenger's overall satisfaction with an airport together with variables related to passenger characteristics. Data from an extensive survey applied in a main Brazilian international airport were used. Exploratory factor analysis was applied to extract dimensions of airport service quality as perceived by the passengers. The effects on the overall satisfaction level were estimated using a probabilistic approach. Findings underline implications regarding the use of meaningful service dimensions instead of a large set of variables as predictors of passenger satisfaction. Moreover, the study stresses the need for considering how passenger characteristics may be related to different perceived levels of service quality.

ABSTRACT:Currently, airports are expected to be operated as self-sufficient service organizations providing efficient and high-quality services to different customers. In this context, improving airport service quality (ASQ) has become paramount. However, due to the complexity of the airport service environment, an effective process of measuring and analyzing passengers´ perceptions of ASQ is not simply achieved. Generic scales for perceived service quality might not cover some particularities of the passenger-airport interaction. Furthermore, while some measurement practices have been developed within the airport industry, there was only limited consideration for validity and reliability. These concerns are certainly relevant to avoid misapprehension of passengers´ perceptions. In view of that, this paper has a twofold objective. First, to fit a measurement model for perceived ASQ built on typical service measures within the airport industry. Second, to test for the model equivalence across groups of passengers. Sample data from an extensive survey applied at a main Brazilian airport was used for confirmatory factor analysis. The results suggested that a six-factor structure provides a meaningful multi-item measurement model for perceived ASQ. The model was validated for international and domestic departing passengers as regards its factorial structure and metric invariance. The proposed measurement model could be considered an alternative for a multidimensional approach in the context of airport performance measurement as regards service quality. Finally, the findings arising from this research might contribute to the discussion on passengers´ perceptions of ASQ, particularly concerning its multidimensionality and the need for reviewing current practices for ASQ analysis.

The authors investigated the effects of valence and arousal on memory using a dual-process model that quantifies recollective and nonrecollective components of recall without relying on metacognitive judgments to separate them. The results showed that valenced words increased reconstruction (a component of nonrecollective retrieval) relative to neutral words. In addition, the authors found that positive valence increased recollective retrieval in comparison to negative valence, whereas negative valence increased nonrecollective retrieval relative to positive valence. The latter effect, however, depended on arousal: It was reliable only when arousal was high. The present findings supported the notion that emotional valence is a conceptual gist because it affected nonrecollective retrieval and because subjects' recall protocols were clustered by valence. The results challenge the hypothesis that valence affects only recollection, and they clarify previous inconsistent findings about the effects of emotion on memory accuracy and brain activity.

PurposeThis research aims to examine the relevant literature related to maintenance performance measurement in the manufacturing sector. In the process, innovative approaches and models utilized to measure and manage maintenance performance in manufacturing operational settings are classified and examined. Based on this investigation, future research directions and themes are identified.Design/methodology/approachA database of 251 peer‐reviewed publications, published during the last 30 years, was utilized for the purpose of this research. The published works included contributions from both practitioners and scholars.FindingsThis literature review‐based research revealed important themes related to evolution of maintenance performance management. These themes focus on the effective utilization of maintenance resources, information systems support, and human factor management. Based on this literature review, a conceptual framework, which traces the different operational and organizational facets of the evolution of maintenance performance management, is offered.Research limitations/implicationsBased on the findings of this study, it is concluded that the area of maintenance performance and management is in need of more future systematic research efforts aimed at solidifying theoretical constructs and promoting the utilization of more practical applications.Practical implicationsFindings derived from this investigation have relevant manufacturing implications. In this context, understanding the different approaches to maintenance performance measurement and management, as utilized in manufacturing organizations, is critical to these organizations' performance improvement efforts.Originality/valueUnderstanding the types and scopes of the different approaches and models utilized to manage and measure maintenance performance in manufacturing operational settings is important in light of the growing competitiveness of the manufacturing sector.

In the mainstream memory literature, recollection is conceptualized as a univariate process that involves conscious reinstatement of contextual details that accompanied earlier events. That conception predominates in several domains other than basic memory research-such as cognitive development, cognitive neuroscience, dementia, and forensic interviewing. According to the dual-recollection hypothesis, however, there are 2 distinct forms of recollection: conscious reinstatement of contextual details (context recollection) and conscious reinstatement of target events per se (target recollection). We review existing lines of evidence that favor the dual-recollection hypothesis, and we describe a source-monitoring paradigm with an accompanying model that separates the 2 recollections from each other and from familiarity. Some experiments are reported whose aims were to determine how measures of target and context recollection react to a series of theoretically motivated manipulations and to assess the validity of the modeling tool that supplies those measurements. The manipulations produced a series of single and double dissociations between target recollection, context recollection, and familiarity, and subsequent state-trace analyses revealed that the 3 retrieval processes were jointly independent. Fit analyses showed that the model gave acceptable accounts of the data of all experiments, but that fit was unacceptable when either the target recollection process or the context recollection process was removed from the model.

The purpose of this study is to examine the nature of performance measures utilized by the maintenance function in today's business organizations. In the process, the increasing variety and significance of these measures are addressed from operational and strategic perspectives. A survey-based research method was utilized to gather the research data. Several statistical procedures were utilized to analyse the data. The findings of this study point to the multifaceted nature of the maintenance measures and measurement. Multiple categories of maintenance measures were identified. These categories varied from the machine-specific, to measures impacting organizational performance. The relative lack of emphasis placed on the environment and strategic facets of maintenance is noted. The findings of this study have direct implications to organizations, which are attempting to measure the effectiveness of their maintenance efforts. The need to align the maintenance performance efforts with the organizational strategic direction is emphasized. In this context, the integration of the maintenance performance information systems with the overall organizational performance management information system might facilitate the needed alignment. This study utilizes 120 maintenance measures. As such, it represents a comprehensive view of the maintenance effort.