SUMMARY Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the highly pathogenic SARS-Cov-2 virus, was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020. Its main clinical manifestations are related to airway involvement; however, there is extrapulmonary impairment in some cases. Given this context, this literature review aims to identify the ophthalmological conditions caused by infection with the novel coronavirus. Although ocular findings do not include the standard clinical presentation of the disease, there are reports of some ophthalmological changes in COVID-19 patients, and conjunctivitis is the most common among these.
Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease affecting tear quality and/or production and eye surface and is one of the most common eye disorders found in clinical practice. The association between psychiatric disorders and dry eye has been the subject of several studies since patients with this syndrome present a tendency toward a depressive mood. This narrative review aims to demonstrate the relationship between depression and DED, which is due to the side effects of psychotropic drugs or the tendency of the low pain threshold of the depressive patient. The work was produced from the analysis of 13 articles published during the last decade on this subject and demonstrated that the depressive state is linked to the appearance or worsening of DED resulting from chronic eye pain. Also, the treatment of depression with selective inhibitors of serotonin receptors causes inflammatory cytokine secretion with subsequent inflammation and apoptosis of cells on the ocular surface. The need for new studies on optimization of psychiatric treatment in patients with ophthalmic diseases, such as DED, was verified, aiming at the relief of symptoms and the reduction of psychological and eye damage caused by them.
RESUMODevido o cenário abrupto da chegada da pandemia da Covid-19, bem como a necessidade do distanciamento social como medida preventiva da doença, houve um impacto brusco com mudança de hábitos e o início de readaptação frente a essa nova realidade. Dessa forma, além dos efeitos na saúde física, foi visto também consequências nos âmbitos mental e emocional. O presente estudo aborda as principais alterações psiquiátricas ocorridas no contexto do isolamento social a partir de uma revisão narrativa.
O presente estudo tem por objetivo avaliar os principais achados fundoscópicos em pacientes portadores de hemoglobinopatia falciforme, observando quais as alterações retinianas mais comuns nesse grupo. Realizou-se um estudo retrospectivo e descritivo através de fundoscopias e retinografias de 34 pacientes acompanhados por serviço de oftalmologia especializado e pelo Hemocentro do Estado de Alagoas. O tipo de hemoglobinopatia mais encontrado foi o SS, seguido pelas hemoglobinopatias SC e S-thal. Do total de pacientes avaliados, 58,8% eram do sexo masculino. 29,41% dos pacientes apresentaram alterações retinianas. Quanto ao genótipo, 42,86% dos pacientes com genótipo SC tinham alterações retinianas. Foi observado um reduzido número de alterações retinianas na amostra estudada, e todos os pacientes com sinais de retinopatia falciforme apresentavam hemoglobinopatia do tipo SS ou SC. O genótipo SS foi o mais prevalente dentre os pacientes, mas o genótipo SC foi o de maior risco para o desenvolvimento de alterações na retina.
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