Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) has emerged as a major public health problem worldwide. To determine the incidence and risk factors associated with tuberculosis among contacts of MDRTB index cases, we studied human immunodeficiency virus-seronegative close contacts of 64 culture-confirmed MDRTB patients in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Between March 1988 and July 1992, tuberculosis developed in 17 (7.8%) of 218 previously healthy close contacts of 64 MDRTB index cases (1.6 cases per 1,000-person-months of contact). Among strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from 13 contacts of 12 index cases, six (46%) had susceptibility patterns identical to those of their index cases, four (31%) had different patterns of resistance, and three (23%) were susceptible to all drugs. Tuberculosis developed more frequently in male contacts (p < 0.05), persons > or = 15 yr of age (p < 0.05), nonwhites (p < 0.001), and persons not previously vaccinated with bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) (p < 0.05). The association of BCG vaccination with decreased risk of disease was significant even when this variable was controlled (by Cox's regression analysis) for age, sex, race, purified protein derivative (PPD) status, and isoniazid prophylaxis. BCG vaccination appears to offer protection against tuberculosis during prolonged exposures to persons with MDRTB, which identifies a novel and specific indication of BCG use.

The findings indicate that CLBP affects the balance of both younger and older adults, and that the age-related changes also affect balance and modify the magnitude of CLBP effects on balance.

the incidence of lymph node metastases in patients was very high and suggests that one should keep the radicality of resection in early gastric cancer, particularly in relation to D2 lymphadenectomy, recommended for advanced gastric cancer. Conservative resections, with lymphadenectomies smaller than D2, should be performed only in selected cases, well-studied as for the risk factors of lymph node metastasis. Despite the small number of cases did not permit to relate the rate of lymph node metastasis to the risk factors considered, we noted a strong tendency for the occurrence of these metastases in the poorly differentiated, type III, larger than 2 cm tumors, and in the Lauren diffuse types.

Resumo O artigo analisou a orientação empreendedora (OE) em suas dimensões – comportamento inovador, assunção de riscos, proatividade, autonomia, agressividade competitiva e redes de relações – e sua associação com o desempenho das empresas graduadas das incubadoras brasileiras. De modo específico, objetivou-se comparar os resultados desse estudo com o encontrado por A. C. M. Z. Santos e Alves (2009), a partir dos modelos de Miller (1983) e Lumpkin e Dess (1996). Utilizou-se a abordagem quantitativa e a técnica de modelagem de equações estruturais para uma amostra de 128 empresas do Brasil. Os principais resultados evidenciaram que a OE constitui-se como um modelo unidimensional, divergente do encontrado por A. C. M. Z. Santos e Alves (2009) em empresas incubadas. Verificou-se que a dimensão que contribuiu mais fortemente para a existência da OE foi a autonomia, e que as redes de relações, dimensão não mencionada até então pelos estudos anteriores, colaboraram de forma análoga às demais dimensões para a composição da OE.

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[Purpose] The aim of this study was to compare age-related differences in balance and anthropometric posture measurements of the foot and to determine any relationship between them. [Subjects and Methods] Sixty-eight older and 42 younger adults participated in this study. Foot posture was tested for four domains: 1) hallux flexion and extension range of motion using a goniometer, 2) navicular height and 3) length of the foot using a pachymeter, and 4) footprint (width of forefoot, arch index and hallux valgus). Balance was tested under two conditions on a force platform: bipodal in 60-s trials and unipodal in 30-s trials. The sway area of the center of pressure and velocity in the anteroposterior and mediolateral directions were computed. [Results] Older individuals showed significantly poorer balance compared with younger adults under in the unipodal condition (center of pressure area 9.97 vs. 7.72 cm2). Older people presented a significantly lower hallux mobility and higher values for width of the forefoot and transverse arch index than younger adults. The correlations between all foot posture and center of pressure parameters varied across groups, from weak to moderate (r −0.01 to −0.46). Low hallux mobility was significantly related to higher center of pressure values in older people. [Conclusion] These results have clinical implications for balance and foot posture assessments.

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Resumo: O trabalho analisou a relação entre cooperação e aprendizado organizacional com competitividade em uma rede horizontal de pequenas empresas. A metodologia utilizada no estudo da rede formada pelos núcleos da Associação Comercial e Industrial de Chapecó -ACIC foi quantitativa, com a análise fatorial dos dados. Atualmente, a ACIC conta com 14 núcleos e 236 empresas nucleadas, que desenvolvem atividades conjuntas de sustentabilidade econômica e social no município de Chapecó. O estudo teórico levantou conceitos já referendados pela comunidade científica sobre redes interorganizacionais, competitividade, cooperação e aprendizagem organizacional. Os resultados encontrados demonstraram que os indicadores relacionados a cooperação e aprendizagem em redes horizontais se caracterizam como antecedentes da competitividade em redes organizacionais, e que há uma correlação positiva entre os construtos cooperação e aprendizado organizacional com o construto competitividade. O estudo corrobora a crença de que pequenas empresas associadas em rede podem aumentar a sua competitividade, colaborando assim com o desenvolvimento regional. Palavras-chave: Redes interorganizacionais. Competitividade. Pequenas empresas. Cooperação. Aprendizagem organizacional.Abstract: The study analyzed the relationship between cooperation and organizational learning with competitiveness in a small and medium enterprises (SME) network, with business of the groups of the Commercial and Industrial Association of Chapecó (ACIC). The methodology used was quantitative, with the factorial analysis. Currently, ACIC has 14 groups and 236 SME´s nucleated, developing joint activities of economic and social sustainability in Chapecó. The theoretical study raised concepts already endorsed by the scientific community on interorganizational networks, competitiveness, cooperation and organizational learning. The results demonstrated that indicators related to cooperation and learning in horizontal networks are characterized as antecedents of competitiveness in organizational networks, and that there is a positive correlation between the constructs cooperation and organizational learning with