The aim of this study was to characterize the renal morphology and anatomical variations of the renal pedicle in domestic shorthaired cats. Dissections were performed in 40 adult cats, obtained from the necropsy unit without macroscopic renal pathology. Kidney dimensions (length, width, and thickness) and the length and origin of the renal arteries and main branches were measured. The length, width and thickness of the right kidney (cm) were 3.83±0.46, 2.42±0.22, and 2.22±0.33 in males, and 3.61±0.53, 2.28±0.38, and 2.13±0.40 in females, respectively. In the left kidney, these measures were 3.82±0.32, 2.48±0.31, and 2.37±0.32 in males, and 3.48±0.47, 2.39±0.26, and 2.15±0.34 in females, respectively. The left kidneys of males were significantly bigger than those of females. There was a positive linear correlation between the rostrum-sacral length and ellipsoid volume of the left kidney only in males. Most of the kidneys were situated ventrally between the third to fifth lumbar vertebras. The right renal artery was situated ventrally to third lumbar vertebra and the left artery to the fourth. The results of the present study contribute to the field of comparative and applied anatomy. 3,83 ± 0,46, 2,42 ± 0,22 e 2,22 ± 0,33 em machos e 3,61 ± 0,53, 2,28 ± 0,38 e 2,13 ± 0,40 em fêmeas, respectivamente. No rim esquerdo, essas medidas foram 3,82 ± 0,32, 2,48 ± 0,31 e 2,37 ± 0,32 em machos e 3,48 ± 0,47, 2,39 ± 0,26 e 2,15 ± 0,34 Keywords: domestic feline, renal measures, vascularization RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a morfologia renal e as variações anatômicas do pedículo renal em gatos de pelo curto brasileiro. As dissecções foram realizadas em 40 gatos adultos, obtidos de necropsias sem evidência de patologia renal macroscópica. Medidas renais (comprimento, largura e espessura), comprimento e origem das artérias renais e ramos principais foram obtidos. O comprimento, a largura e a espessura do rim direito (cm) foram
Morphophysiological species researches are fundamental, and diagnostic imaging is an excellent technique, already used in wild animals, with great application, not invasive and provide real-time information of each body. Amazonian manatees are on the list of endangered animals classified in the vulnerable category and knowledge of the normal pattern of ultrasound anatomy of organs and tissues is important for the maintenance and well-being of captive specimens contributing to reintroduction actions. The objective of the study was to standardize the examination technique and describe the ultrasound findings of the liver, gallbladder, stomach, urinary bladder and the subcutaneous tissue of the abdominal region in Trichechus inunguis, in order to contribute with the anatomical and sonographic knowledge and assist in the diagnosis and prognosis diseases. The study used 18 animals to describe the normal sonographic anatomy in the abdominal cavity of the Amazonian manatee. During abdominal scan, it was possible to visualize the features of the liver, gallbladder, stomach, urinary bladder obtained satisfactory results in this study. Therefore, other structures were not primarily identified by the reduced time, lots of fat and gases in intestines of animals.
Rural do Rio de Janeiro.RESUMO -As estenoses esofágicas acometem cães e ocorrem quando uma esofagite cicatriza através de fibrose, podendo obstruir parcial ou totalmente a passagem do conteúdo alimentar até o estomago. Este relato aborda o tratamento da estenose esofágica em uma cadela através da dilatação via endoscopia. Foi encaminhado ao Centro de Diagnostico Veterinário H & Diagnóstico localizado no Rio de Janeiro, uma cadela castrada da raça West Highland Terrier, cinco anos de idade, apresentando regurgitação, emagrecimento e apetite voraz. Foi realizada radiografia simples onde não demonstrou alterações significativas, sendo sugerida a esofagoscopia e a gastroscopia. O animal foi submetido ao primeiro exame endoscópico no qual foi constatada a estenose esofágica. Após o diagnóstico, foi executada a técnica de dilatação, com a sonda de Foley em primeira circunstância, e em seguida com o tubo endotraqueal (número 8, 9 e 9,5). Sendo feita a dilatação do anel estenosado, percorreu-se com o endoscópio ao estômago para a colocação da sonda de Pezzer percutânea, via endoscopia. Como protocolo, foi introduzida a terapia medicamentosa via sonda para auxiliar na recuperação do foco lesado. Sete dias após a primeira técnica de dilatação, um segundo procedimento foi realizado onde se constatou diminuição do anel fibroso, sendo utilizado tubo endotraqueal tamanho. Posteriormente à segunda dilatação, foi evidenciado sucessivo progresso em seu tratamento, até a sexta dilatação, onde a estenose se tornava imperceptível. No presente estudo o procedimento ocorreu de forma eficaz e minimamente invasivo, fazendo com que o tratamento fosse bastante confiável para a obtenção de um prognóstico favorável.Palavras-Chave: estenose esofágica; regurgitação; sonda gástrica; tubo endotraqueal.ABSTRACT -The esophageal strictures affect dogs and occur when an esophagitis heal by fibrosis and could partially or totally, block the passage of food into the stomach .This report is about the treatment of esophageal stenosis in a dog through endoscopy dilation. A female dog, castrated, West Highland Terrier bred, five years old was referred to the Centro de Diagnostico Veterinário H & Diagnóstico in Rio de Janeiro, presenting regurgitation, weight loss and voracious appetite. It was made a simple radiograph, which did not show significant changes. It was recommended the esophagoscopy and gastroscopy. The animal was submitted to the first endoscopic examination in which the stenosis was found. After the diagnosis, it was performed the dilatation technique, at first with the Foley catheter and then with the endotracheal tube. Being made the dilation of the stenotic ring, endoscope went through the stomach to place the Pezzer catheter percutaneous by endoscopy. As a protocol, a drug therapy was introduced via the catheter to help recovering the injured area. Seven days after the first dilatation technique, a second procedure was performed which showed a decrease in the fibrous ring, being used an endotracheal tube. Afterwards the second dilation...
Both too high and too low salt intake in pregnant rats predisposes their offspring to increased renal risk due to reduced nephron number, increased albuminuria, hypertension and thickening of the wall of vessels even those not exposed to high blood pressure.Objective: The aim of this study is determinate which is the participation of PPAR alpha activation in BH4 and BH2 metabolism and its implications on eNOS coupling.Design and Methods: We used male Wistar rats 250-300 g and they were divided into four groups: false ligated-(sham-V), aortic coarctation-treated with vehicle (AoCo-V), false ligated-(sham-C) and aortic coarctationtreated with clofibrate (100 mg/kg/day, i.p.)(AoCo-C). The complete recuperation was allowed and they were maintained under 12 hrs light-dark and with free access to food and water. After 7 days, intracarotide blood pressure, aortic eNOS coupling expression, serum BH4 and BH2 production and aortic and renal reactive species of oxygen were measured, and BH4:BH2 ratio was determinated. Results. After 7 days of treatment, AoCo-V rats rised blood pressure versus sham-V and sham-C groups. Administration of clofibrate to sham group did not affected blood pressure. AoCo-C group prevented rise of blood pressure versus AoCo-V group. Clofibrate administration increased eNOS coupling in AoCo-C group versus AoCo-V and it was comparable with sham-V and sham-C coupling. The mechanism involved could be through BH4:BH2 balance-recuperation. The BH4:BH2 balance is affected by oxidative stress and we observed that clofibrate administration diminished anion superoxide production in AoCo-C versus AoCo-V.Conclusion: PPAR alpha stimulation reestablished eNOS coupling, apparently through recovering BH4:BH2 balance and diminishing oxidative stress. Both can contribute to high blood pressure attenuation in hypertension secondary to AoCo.
O estudo das artérias responsáveis pela irrigação do encéfalo nos animais, assim como seus aspectos filogenéticos são motivos de interesse na pesquisa biomédica devido à grande variabilidade dos padrões descritos na literatura. O objetivo desta investigação foi caracterizar comparativamente a formação do circuito arterioso do cérebro em coelhos, gatos e equinos adultos mestiços de ambos os sexos. Os cadáveres dos animais foram fixados através de uma solução de formaldeído a 10% por meio de canulação na artéria carótida comum. Em seguida, foram feitas repleções vasculares com solução aquosa de Petrolátex S65 corado com pigmento Suvinil nas cores vermelho, azul e verde. Para esta pesquisa, foram utilizadas 44 cabeças de coelhos da Nova Zelândia, 50 de gatos SRD e 30 de equinos mestiços. Procedeu-se a craniotomia, remoção dos encéfalos e dissecção para a observação da formação do circuito arterioso. Nos coelhos, o circuito arterioso do cérebro estava fechado rostralmente em 10 machos e 12 fêmeas e fechado caudalmente em todos os animais dissecados. Em gatos o circuito arterioso do cérebro apresentou-se aberto rostralmente em nove machos e oito fêmeas e caudalmente esteve fechado em todos os animais dissecados. Nos equinos o circuito arterioso do cérebro apresentou-se fechado rostral e caudalmente em 100% dos animais dissecados. Em todos os espécimes utilizados no estudo, as artérias da base do encéfalo estiveram na dependência dos sistemas carótico e vértebrobasilar.
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