Esta cartilla está dirigida a productores, técnicos e interesados en el cultivo de papa, con la intención de presentar los resultados relacionados con la caracterización del sistema productivo de papa en el departamento de Nariño. Se presentan cuatro ambientes o zonas de producción, delimitadas por la homogeneidad de sus características edafoclimáticas, dentro del área de influencia del proyecto. También se presentan las principales propiedades químicas de los suelos en el área productora de papa y un ejercicio de tipo lúdico y formativo que pretende familiarizar a los productores con algunos conceptos importantes relacionados con la fertilidad de los suelos, con el fin de generar criterios iniciales en cuanto a la interpretación de análisis de suelos y la nutrición del cultivo desde un punto de vista cualitativo. Igualmente, pretende aportar al conocimiento de la zona productora de papa de Nariño teniendo en cuenta las múltiples características asociadas al cultivo que se complementan con los demás ejes abordados por el proyecto, lo cual permitirá generar alternativas con enfoque territorial, no solo de tipo técnico, sino también socioeconómico y cultural, asociadas a los productores de papa del departamento.
The variability of potato cultivars and environments in the production area of Nariño-Colombia, demands the adjustment of agronomic recommendations for the improvement of crop management. Physiological behavior and yield of four short-cycle potato cultivars were evaluated: Solanum tuberosum Phureja groups (Mambera, Ratona Morada and Criolla Colombia) and Andigena (Morasurco), under three environments, characterized edaphoclimatically (AH1, AH2, and AH4) and three fertilization levels. The yield components did not present differences between these levels, except for AH2, where level 3 surpassed the others in yield, and AH3 for harvest index with differences between levels. Regarding the cultivars, there were statistical differences in all environments; the highest yield was obtained by Ratona Morada and Mambera in AH4, Criolla Colombia in AH1, and a homogeneous behavior for Morasurco in all environments. In AH1 and AH2 the physiological indexes were similar in proportion and occurrence, while in AH4 the behavior was variable, with higher values in Morasurco and Mambera. ANOVA and discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) differentiated Morasurco from Phureja cultivars and Criolla Colombia from Ratona and Mambera. The grouping of environments in the DAPC ratifies the classification of the environments. The nutritional requirements of the genotypes can be limited by elements different from those evaluated; the productivity was mainly influenced by the environments; Mambera and Ratona Morada are established as alternatives in the AH4 environment, and Criolla Colombia and Morasurco in the other environments.
Lulo (Solanum quitoense) is a promising agro-industry fruit tree, not only because of its nutritional value, taste, and appearance but also because it provides an alternative production system in mild and moderately cold climate zones. Lulo crop yield and production in the Department of Nariño (Colombia) has decreased in recent years when compared to other producing regions in Colombia. Therefore, the objective of this study was to estimate the effects of the general combining ability (GCA) and the specific combining ability (SCA) in a diallel cross of 10 promising parents in four growing regions of the Department of Nariño for use in breeding programs. A total of 45 hybrid combinations were obtained and assessed with Griffing method 4. The following variables were assessed: days to flowering onset (DFO), number of clusters per branch (NCB), fruit weight (FW), polar axis (PA) of the fruit, and yield (Y). The analysis of variance showed statistical differences for most variables in response to single-cross hybrid effects and locations, except for NCB and Y. Moreover, significant differences were found for the interactions between the GCA and SCA and the hybrids and locations, respectively, meaning that environment must be considered when selecting parents with specific adaptability. The effects of the GCA and SCA promoted higher positive values for the FW and Y in parents 4, 6, and 8 and their combinations. Therefore, these parental genotypes are promising for lulo genetic improvement programs since their additive effects and genetic dominance favor fruit weight and yield.
Lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam.) is a fruit tree of Andean origin of national economic importance in Colombia, which constitutes an important source of employment for farmers and their families. Vascular and root wilt caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum is one of the most limiting diseases in the production of this species, causing low yields and considerable economic losses. As an effective control alternative for this pathogen, the identification of genotypes with resistance that can be used in breeding programs is being considered. The objective of this work was to evaluate the response of 22 lulo genotypes to the artificial inoculation of Fusarium oxysporum to identify possible sources of pathogen tolerance. F. oxysporum was inoculated on 22 genotypes of lulo plants following the method of wounded roots through artificial cutting. Distilled water inoculation and “La Selva” resistant lulo hybrid was used as control. The traits evaluated correspond to plant height, stem diameter, days to the onset of symptoms, incidence and severity. The fungus isolation was highly aggressive in S. quitoense and S. hirtum, with 96 and 84% severities, respectively. Five resistant genotypes were identified, namely 15C, 36B, HSF1, HSF10, and HSF36, which presented incidences and severities of 0% and can be considered for multi-environmental evaluation tests to determine their productive potential or they can be considered as parents for breeding programs of the species. Other genotypes, such as 15B and HSF15, showed average severities of 28 and 20%, respectively; however, thesetwo genotypes survived throughout the experiment, suggesting tolerance to the pathogen.
Contextualización: en el sistema productivo del café, la etapa de almácigo o semillero se constituye como determinante del éxito para la implementación y comportamiento del cultivo. En esta etapa, la nutrición es un factor muy relevante. Vacío de conocimiento: la utilización de sustratos de diversas procedencias para la implementación de almácigos en el café dificulta un correcto diagnóstico de fertilidad. Por esta razón, la nutrición en esta fase del sistema productivo se basa en recomendaciones y fórmulas generalizadas que no consideran las necesidades diferenciales de las variedades de café empleadas y su estado al momento del trasplante. Propósito: el objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el efecto de los fertilizantes Urea, DAP, KCl y mezclas de estas sobre el crecimiento de plántulas de café (variedad Castillo) durante la etapa de almácigo. Metodología: este trabajo se realizó en el año 2019 en la granja “La Quinta”, del municipio de Consacá (Nariño-Colombia), a 1.650msnm, bajo un Diseño Completamente al Azar con ocho tratamientos y ocho repeticiones, así: 2,17g de Urea + 0,7g de DAP; 4,3 g de DAP; 3,3 g de KCl; 0,6 g de Urea + 4,3 g de DAP; 2,1 g de Urea + 3,3 g de KCl; 4,3 g de DAP + 3,3 g de KCl; 2,1 g de Urea + 4,3 g de DAP + 3,3 g de KCl y un testigo al que no se le aplicaron tratamientos. Se realizó un análisis de varianza con las siguientes variables: altura de planta, número de hojas, peso seco y fresco de las plántulas, además de un análisis de crecimiento funcional con evaluaciones quincenales. Resultados y conclusiones: el tratamiento con DAP presentó la mayor altura (20,65 cm), mayor peso fresco y seco de tallo (3,86 g; 1,43 g), mayor peso seco total (5,33 g), mayor área foliar (350,8 cm2) e índice de área foliar (0,99). El tratamiento con Urea + DAP mostró la mejor tasa de asimilación neta (0,00029 g- cm-2 d-1) y mejor tasa de crecimiento del cultivo (2,87_e-05 g- cm-2 d-1). El tratamiento con DAP + KCl alcanzó el mayor valor para tasa de crecimiento relativa (0,047 g-1 d-1). En todos los casos se demostró que, para la fase de almacigo, el fósforo se tornó concluyente, debido a que su presencia se relacionó con comportamientos fisiológicos superiores.
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