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This paper focuses on the reality of very small and small enterprises (VSSEs) in Brazil, concerning health and safety management of their workers. These companies tend to operate in a few administrative levels. The owners' health and safety culture is fundamental for the implementation of preventive measures. The VSSEs end up adopting merely reactive and underthe-law actions. In order to understand such reality, a questionnaire was elaborated especially for the reasearch made. Fiftyfive very small and small enterprises of the industrial, commercial and service sectors were selected. The research confirmed the reactive attitude shown by the VSSEs, thus demonstrating that none of the companies involved presented policies of safety and health. Even though not holding policies, programs or scopes of their activities, 22% of them revealed to have a clear definition of the responsibilities of their high level administration. Nevertheless, 10% had financial resources allocated to this sector. Such companies do not count on a frequent safety and health support. The ignorance on it leads them to take a reactive action. This study reaches its objective on contributing to the debate, besides indicating that the way to improvement is on the strict cooperation between governments, companies, workers and society.

The Brazilian commercial aviation industry has grown strongly in the last decades, increasing passenger capacity and operational safety. While several studies focus on flight safety and passenger comfort, few are dedicated to the manual transport of loads. Although apparently this sector has low relevance, every year nearly 9% of their workers are injured. It is estimated that these injuries cost more than 10 million dollars a year to the companies involved. This study assesses quantitatively the risk of injury on employees. NIOSH method was used to evaluated the possibility of injury in different tasks. Factors such as the pace of activity, horizontal and vertical displacement, and asymmetries were evaluated during loading and unloading of luggage. This study showed that the frequency of repetitions of loading was excessive in all cases analyzed. However, the use of conveyors reduced the risk of employee injury, reducing this possibility to acceptable levels. The study shows that simple measures can help reduce the number of injuries and hence the cost that this entails.

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RESUMOGrandes instalações industriais são construídas a partir de elevados investimentos públicos ou privados. O retorno do capital investido pode levar anos ou décadas para acontecer, e será profundamente dependente da produtividade da planta construída. Um dos fatores-chave para a produtividade industrial é a sua constância, característica que permite a concretização de contratos de longo prazo favoráveis com fornecedores de matérias-primas e com compradores dos produtos finais. Contudo, só se pode visar produtividade no longo prazo se a operação industrial caminhar ao lado da segurança de processos. Antes visto como um custo, o capital hoje investido em segurança é percebido como meio de promoção da sustentabilidade empresarial. O presente texto discute a abrangência de um sistema de gestão de segurança de processos adaptável as necessidades de empresas químicas dos mais variados portes. A arquitetura de sistema de gestão aqui discutida baseia-se no sistema Risk Based Process Safety, ou RBPS, proposto pelo CCPS / AIChE (2014). Além de detalhar os elementos que compõem o sistema, o presente texto correlaciona-os com acidentes reais ocorridos, revelando como a falha na integridade de um ou mais elementos pode impactar profundamente na segurança, contribuindo para um acidente severo. A visão da segurança de processos torna-se mais ampla e completa a