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This trial indicated that CSA+MTX was more effective than the other two treatments in improving clinical data and inhibiting radiographic progression, although the differences were not significant in this relatively small study. However, the difference was significant in favor of CSA + MTX regarding ACR 50% response.

With few exceptions, it has been assumed that the production of a generalizing anthropological theory of human cognition must necessarily entail a reduction of ethnographic complexity. No case‐centred analysis has been offered to show that a cognitive approach to cultural complexity is possible. In this article, I want to show that a different cognitive perspective can improve our understanding of ethnographic facts and help us critically to revise a number of traditional anthropological concepts. In order to do so, I will discuss the example of a messianistic religious movement born among the Western Apache of San Carlos and White Mountain (Arizona).

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Tomando como foco uma análise da iconografia ritual kuna, este artigo procura delinear uma teoria da memória social baseando-se tanto em imagens quanto em narrativas. A emergência do Espírito do Branco na iconografia xamânica kuna refere-se à longa série de conflitos violentos entre índios e brancos que marcam a história desse povo. Todavia, uma vez inseridas na tradição ritual, essas histórias do passado se fundem e condensam em imagens complexas. Dois processos parecem operantes na elaboração dessas imagens: um tende a obliterar o fato externo para inseri-lo em um quadro conceitual indígena (a cosmologia do mundo sobrenatural); o outro emprega as ambigüidades da cosmologia para representar um aspecto saliente dos recém-chegados. O resultado é um elaborado (e ritualmente poderoso) "engrama" da tradição ritual, que passa a constituir uma parte significativa da memória social.
Focussing on an analysis of the Kuna ritual iconography, this paper sets out to outline a theory of social memory based on images as well as on stories. The emergence of White Spirits in kuna shamanistic iconography refers to the long series of violent conflicts that have opposed Indians and Whites. However, once inserted in ritual tradition, stories of the past collapse, and condense in complex images. Two processes seem to be at work in the elaboration of these images: one tends to obliterate the external fact to insert it in an indigenous conceptual frame (the cosmology of the supernatural world); the other employs the ambiguities of cosmology to represent a salient aspect of the newcomers. The result is an elaborate (and ritually powerful) "engram" of ritual tradition, and becomes a significant part of social memory

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