No abstract

Diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP) has been proposed as a suitable reference material for industrial application in the region of moderately high viscosity. The paper reports a new set of viscosity measurements of a 99.5 % GC sample of this substance, which are directly traceable to the primary standard reference valuethe viscosity of water at 293.15 K. The present measurements, performed with a vibrating-wire sensor, were carried out at atmospheric pressure over the temperature range (283 to 313) K. Over this temperature range, the viscosity varies from approximately (37 to 267) mPa·s. The measurements have been carried out with an instrument that has already been the subject of improvement since the first measurements were performed, and it relies upon calibration exclusively against the primary standard of viscometry. The estimated overall uncertainty of the results does not exceed ± 1 %, over the whole range of the measurements and, for the results obtained at temperatures in the vicinity of 293 K, is ± 0.8 %. The higher quality of the present measurements, and their direct traceability to the primary reference value for viscosity, justifies the replacement of our earlier set of preliminary data on DIDP viscosity.

In industrial practice, there is a demand for a reference standard for viscosity that is established for a readily available fluid to simplify the calibration of industrial viscometers for moderately high viscosities [(50 to 125) mPa · s]. Diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP) has been suggested as that reference fluid, and a number of studies of its properties have been carried out in several laboratories throughout the world, within the auspices of a project coordinated by the International Association for Transport Properties. That project has now progressed to the point where it is possible to collate the results of studies of the viscosity of the fluid by a number of different techniques, so as to lead to a proposed standard reference value which will be included in the paper. To support this recommended value, the various measurements conducted have been critically reviewed, and the sample purity and other factors affecting the viscosity have been studied. Density and surface tension measurements have also been performed. This paper does not describe the individual viscosity determinations carried out in independent laboratories because these are the subject of individual publications, but it does describe the ancillary studies conducted and their relevance to the viscosity standard. In addition, the paper contains recommended values for the viscosity of liquid DIDP. The samples of DIDP to which the recommended values refer are isomeric mixtures available commercially from certain suppliers, with a minimum purity by gas chromatography of 99.8 %. The recommended values result from a critical examination of all the measurements conducted to date and are supported by careful arguments dealing with the likely effects of the isomeric content of the sample as well as of other impurities. The proposed reference standard is intended particularly to serve an industrial need for a readily available calibration material with a viscosity close to that required in practical situations. To that end, the recommended value has an overall relative uncertainty of approximately 1 %. It is therefore not intended to supersede for the reference value for the viscosity of water at 20°C, which is known much more accurately, but rather to complement it.

The present article describes a novel vibrating-wire viscometer that has been shown to be able to measure viscosities up to 135 mPa‚s, after calibration against water at 20°C, to provide direct traceability to the primary reference for viscosity. For the purpose of validating the instrument, measurements of the viscosity of some selected fluids, including standard reference liquids with viscosity on the order of 100 mPa‚s at 20°C and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane with a viscosity of about 0.5 mPa‚s at the same temperature, were performed. The results obtained show that the instrument is capable of performing viscosity measurements with an estimated overall uncertainty better than (0.8% over the range of (0.5 to 135) mPa‚s.

The design and operation of two independent vibrating-wire viscometers are described. The instruments are intended for operation in the liquid phase at pressures up to 300 MPa and have been designed specifically for this purpose using the detailed theory of the device. Extensive evidence is adduced to demonstrate that the operation of the viscometers is consistent with the theory. Although the instruments attain a precision in viscosity measurements of • when used in an absolute mode the accuracy that can be achieved is no better than __+3%. However, if the instrument is calibrated for two welldefined instrumental parameters, the uncertainty in the reported viscosity is improved to _+0.5%. The results of measurements of the viscosity of normal heptane in the temperature range 303 to 348 K at pressures up to 250 MPa made with one of the viscometers are reported. The results are shown to be totally consistent with measurements reported earlier using the instrument designed for lower pressures.

The paper reports our first measurements of the viscosity of di-isodecylphthalate, which is a candidate for a reference material. At the same time it has a viscosity, which, at room temperature, is around 120 mPa · s, so that it can fulfill the need for a reference material more nearly matched to the needs of industry. The present measurements were carried out with a specially designed vibrating-wire viscometer over the temperature range 288-308 K and have an estimated uncertainty smaller than ±1.5%, following calibration against the viscosity of toluene. The instrument and results are presented here to encourage other measurements on the same material, by different techniques, which will lead eventually to the establishment of di-isodecylphthalate as a suitable reference material, as well as reference values for its viscosity.

No abstract

A recently developed dual vibrating-wire technique has been used to perform viscosity measurements of liquid toluene in the temperature range 213 K [ T [ 298 K, and at pressures up to approximately 20 MPa. The results were obtained by operating the vibrating-wire sensor in both forced and free decay modes. The estimated precision of the viscosity measurements, in either mode of operation, is ± 0.5%, for temperatures above or equal to 273 K, increasing with decreasing temperature up to ± 1% at 213 K. The corresponding overall uncertainty is estimated to be within ± 1% and ± 1.5%, respectively.