RESUMO: a prática regular de atividade física influencia a saúde e o bem-estar, com papel importante na prevenção de várias doenças crônicas, como doenças cardiovasculares, acidente vascular cerebral, hipertensão, obesidade, diabetes, osteoporose, dentre outras. As vantagens da prática de exercício físico por pessoas com deficiências de desenvolvimento, especificamente de pessoas com transtorno do espetro do autismo (TEA), têm sido estudadas, mas dados as diferentes metodologias e abordagens presentes na literatura, há necessidade de fazer uma compilação das diferentes investigações existentes que permitam concluir quais os efeitos de diferentes tipos de exercício em pessoas com TEA. O objetivo deste artigo é reunir os principais estudos que foram realizados nos últimos anos no âmbito da atividade física em indivíduos com (TEA) e retirar as conclusões acerca dos mesmos. São apresentados 18 estudos, num total de 140 crianças e adultos com várias variantes desta síndrome e que participaram em atividades individualmente ou em grupo. Foram realizadas diversas atividades tais como jogos, natação, corrida, passeios terapêuticos, hidroginástica. As intervenções pretenderam estudar a influência das atividades propostas no comportamento agressivo e estereotipado, funcionamento social, resistência, qualidade de vida e stress, aptidão física e resistência. Os programas de intervenção revelaram melhorias significativas, mostrando as potencialidades do exercício em pessoas com TEA. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Educação Especial. Atividade Física. Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo.ABSTRACT: Regular physical activity influences health and well-being, with an important role in the prevention of several chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, stroke, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, osteoporosis. The advantages of physical exercise for people with developmental disabilities, specifically people with autism-spectrum disorder (ASD) have been studied, but given the different methodologies and approaches in the literature, there is the need to make a compilation of the different existing research that might allow us to conclude which are the effects of the different types of exercise in people with ASD. The purpose of this article is to bring together the main studies that have been conducted in the latest years in the context of physical activity in individuals with ASD and draw conclusions about them. Eighteen studies are presented, with a total of 140 children and adults with various variants of this syndrome, who participated in individual activities or in groups. Various activities, such as games, swimming, jogging, therapeutic walks, aerobics were performed. Interventions intended to study the influence of the activities proposed in aggressive and stereotyped behavior, social functioning, strength, quality of life and stress, physical fitness and endurance. Intervention programs revealed significant improvement, showing the benefits of exercise for people with ASD.
RESUMO: crianças com transtorno do espectro do autismo (TEA) apresentam um desempenho motor inferior às crianças em geral. Com este estudo pretende-se avaliar a eficácia de um programa de treino de trampolins, com a duração de 20 semanas, na proficiência motora e índice de massa corporal (IMC) de crianças com TEA. Participaram um total de 17 crianças (entre os 4 e os 10 anos de idade) com diagnóstico de TEA, que foram distribuídas por dois grupos: grupo experimental (n=6), e controlo (n=11). O grupo experimental foi submetido a uma sessão de treino de trampolins por semana com uma duração de 45 minutos. O grupo de controlo compreende crianças cuja atividade física foi limitada ao currículo obrigatório. A proficiência motora foi avaliada através da bateria de testes Bruininks - Oseretsky. O IMC foi calculado recorrendo à fórmula internacionalmente referenciada. Para análise de variância de medidas repetidas (ANOVA). Ambos os grupos apresentaram características idênticas na avaliação inicial. No que se refere à proficiência motora foram evidentes e significativas as melhorias no GE após o programa de trampolins de 20 semanas (p<0.001). No grupo de controlo embora se tenham observado melhorias significativas estas não apresentaram significado estatístico (p>0.05). Relativamente ao IMC não se registraram alterações significativas em ambos os grupos com a realização do programa de trampolins (p>0.05). Em face deste quadro de resultados é possível concluir que a participação em um programa de trampolins com a duração de 20 semanas contribuiu para melhorar significativamente a proficiência motora de crianças com TEA.
Since its appearance at the end of 2019 and the beginning of 2020 in Wuhan (China), the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly worldwide. The outbreak was declared a pandemic in March 2020. Home confinement, travel restrictions, the closing of venues for exercise and recreation, and the cancellation of indoor and outdoor events including sport have been characteristic features of the public health responses around the world. The result has been a reduction in the levels of physical activity experienced by large numbers of the world population of all ages. This has caused considerable alarm for physical activity professionals around the world. In response, this position statement makes a case for the importance of continuing to embrace regular physical activity alongside the existing public health strategies that are being implemented in the management of the effects of the virus internationally. To be consistent with these policies this activity should always be away from others (application of social distancing) and preferably outdoors. Some potential benefits specific to the current situation, are suggested by reference to existing knowledge about the significance of exercise in the maintenance of a healthy immune system. However, these recommendations need to be viewed primarily within an unchanging context of the long-term value of healthy levels of physical activity for population well-being and quality of life. This has been made the more important on account of the potential harmful effects of the current reduced levels. Some recommendations for appropriate dosage and types of PA for those with different conditions are provided.
The background in this study is the shooting ability of petanque athletes whose achievements are inconsistent during the match/competition. This study aims to find out the effect of accuracy training on the results of shooting games of petanque athletes. Participants in the study were 20 athletes (ages 15-20 years; M = 17.7; SD: 2.4). This research design is one group pretest-posttest experimental design. The instruments used for the test of ability (shooting) are game numbers (shooting station) 1-5 with a distance of 6-9 meters. Data analysis uses a t-test with the help of IBM SPSS 24. Based on the calculation of pretest and posttest data on the shooting results of petanque athletes who have obtained an accuracy training program, it shows a value of p = 0.000 which means that p<0.05 so that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. Therefore it can be concluded that there is an influence between the accuracy training program on shooting results in petanque athletes aged 15-20 years. This study contributed to subsequent research to involve other factors that can improve the shooting ability of petanque athletes.
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